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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 30, 2021

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM S-1

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

ASSURE HOLDINGS CORP.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

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4600 South Ulster Street, Suite 1225

Denver, Colorado 80237

Telephone: 720-287-3093

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

Corporation Trust Company of Nevada

701 S Carson Street, Suite 200

Carson City, NV 89701

Telephone: 888-724-9870

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

Copies to:

Jason K. Brenkert

Dorsey & Whitney LLP

1400 Wewatta Street, Suite 400

Denver, CO 80202

Telephone: (303) 629-3445

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time to time after the effective date of this registration statement, as determined by market and other conditions.

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933 check the following box: ☒

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering: ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering: ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering: ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

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If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act ☐

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CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

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The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said section 8(a), may determine.

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SUBJECT TO COMPLETION DATED DECEMBER 30, 2021

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS

979,562 SHARES OF COMMON STOCK

This prospectus relates to the offering and resale by the selling stockholders identified herein of up to 979,562 shares of common stock issued to such selling stockholders. The selling stockholders acquired their shares of common stock from us in November 2021 as part of private placement of common stock. Please see “Description of Private Placement” beginning on page 87 of this prospectus.

We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares of common stock by the selling stockholders.

The selling stockholders may sell all or a portion of the shares of common stock beneficially owned by them and offered hereby from time to time directly or through one or more underwriters, broker-dealers or agents. Please see the section entitled “Plan Of Distribution” on page 92 of this prospectus for more information. For a list of the selling stockholders, see the section entitled “Selling Stockholders” on page 89 of this prospectus. We will bear all fees and expenses incident to our obligation to register the shares of common stock.

Our common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market (the “NASDAQ”) under the symbol “IONM” and on the TSX Venture Exchange (the “TSX-V”) under the symbol “IOM.” On December 23, 2021, the closing price per share of our common stock as quoted on the NASDAQ was $5.30 per share and as traded on the TSX-V was Cdn$6.73 per share.

Investing in our securities involves risks. You should carefully read the “Risk Factors” beginning on page 6 of this prospectus before investing.

We may amend or supplement this prospectus from time to time by filing amendments or supplements as required. You should read the entire prospectus and any amendments or supplements carefully before you make your investment decision.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any other regulatory commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

Prospectus dated .

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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus or contained in any prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Neither we nor the selling stockholders have authorized anyone to provide you with additional information or information different from that contained in this prospectus filed with the SEC. The selling stockholders are offering to sell, and seeking offers to buy, shares of our common stock only in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted. The information contained in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or of any sale of shares of our common stock. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date.

For investors outside the United States: Neither we nor the selling stockholders have done anything that would permit this offering or possession or distribution of this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required, other than in the United States. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, the offering of the shares of common stock and the distribution of this prospectus outside the United States.

As used in this prospectus, unless otherwise designated, the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” the “Company,” “Assure” and “our Company” refer to Assure Holdings Corp., a Nevada corporation, and its subsidiaries.

Unless otherwise specified, all dollar amounts are expressed in United States dollars. All references to “C$” or “Cdn$” refer to Canadian dollars and all references to “common shares” and “shares” refer to the common shares in our capital stock, unless otherwise indicated. All references to the number of common shares and price per common share have been adjusted to reflect the five-for-one reverse stock split effectuated during September 2021 with the exception of the annual financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 which are presented as originally filed.

Assure Holdings Corp., the Assure logo and other trademarks or service marks of Assure appearing in this prospectus are the property of Assure or its subsidiaries. Trade names, trademarks and service marks of other companies appearing in this prospectus are the property of their respective holders.

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IMPLICATIONS OF BEING AN EMERGING GROWTH COMPANY

As a company with less than $1.07 billion in revenue during our most recently completed fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the JOBS Act. As an emerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other exemptions from requirements that are otherwise applicable to public companies that are not emerging growth companies. These provisions include:

We may, and intend to, take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earlier time that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1.07 billion in annual revenues as of the end of a fiscal year, if we are deemed to be a large-accelerated filer under the rules of the SEC or if we issue more than $1.0 billion of non-convertible debt over a three-year period.

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EXCHANGE RATE INFORMATION

Unless stated otherwise, all dollar amounts are in United States dollars. Certain dollar amounts are expressed in Canadian dollars (“Cdn$”).

The annual average exchange rates for Canadian dollars in terms of the United States dollar for each of the three-year periods ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, as quoted by the Bank of Canada, were as follows:

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On December 24, 2021, the daily rate for United States dollars in terms of the Canadian dollar, as quoted by the Bank of Canada, was US $1.00 = Cdn$1.2813.

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CAUTION REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This registration statement and the documents that are incorporated herein by reference contain certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Canadian and United States securities laws, including the Private Securities Limitation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements include all statements that do not relate solely to historical or current facts and may be identified by the use of words including, but not limited to the following; “may,” “believe,” “will,” “expect,” “project,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “continue,” or the negative thereof or other variations thereon or comparable terminology, or by discussions of strategy. These forward-looking statements are based on the Company’s current plans and expectations and are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and other factors which could significantly affect current plans and expectations and our future financial condition and results. These factors, which could cause actual results, performance and achievements to differ materially from those anticipated.

You should read this prospectus completely and with the understanding that actual future results may materially differ from expectations set forth in forward looking statements. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof, when evaluating the information presented in this registration statement or our other disclosures because current plans, anticipated actions, and future financial conditions and results may differ from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of the Company.

We have not undertaken any obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements. All of our forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of the document in which they are made or, if a date is specified, as of such date. Subject to mandatory requirements of applicable law, we disclaim any obligation or undertaking to provide any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statement to reflect any change in expectations or any changes in events, conditions, circumstances or information on which the forward-looking statement is based. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the risk factors set forth in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in this prospectus.

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SUMMARY OF RISK FACTORS

We and our business are subject to material risks, which could cause actual results, performance and achievements to differ materially from those anticipated, and the risk factors set forth in the section entitled “Risk Factors” beginning on page 6 of this prospectus. These risks can be summarized as follows:

Business Related Risks

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Healthcare Industry Regulatory Risks

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Risk Related to our Stock

The foregoing is a summary of significant risk factors that we think could cause our actual results to differ materially from expected results. However, there could be additional risk factors besides those listed herein that also could affect us in an adverse manner. You should read the risk factors set forth in the section entitled “Risk Factors” beginning on page 6 of this prospectus.

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POTENTIAL IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

In December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus, COVID-19, was reported to have surfaced in Wuhan, China. Since then, the COVID-19 coronavirus has spread to over 150 countries and every state in the United States. On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of coronavirus a “Public Health Emergency of International Concern.” On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak a pandemic, and on March 13, 2020, the United States declared a national emergency. The spread of the virus in many countries continues to adversely impact global economic activity and has contributed to significant volatility and negative pressure in financial markets and supply chains. The pandemic has had, and could have a significantly greater, material adverse effect on the U.S. economy where we conduct our business. The pandemic has resulted, and may continue to result for an extended period, in significant disruption of global financial markets, which may reduce our ability to access capital in the future, which could negatively affect our liquidity.

Our business and results of operations have been, and continues to be, adversely affected by the global COVID-19 pandemic and related events and we expect its impact to continue. The impact to date has included periods of significant volatility in various markets and industries, including the healthcare industry. The volatility has had, and we anticipate it will continue to have, an adverse effect on our customers and on our business, financial condition and results of operations, and may result in an impairment of our long-lived assets, including goodwill, increased credit losses and impairments of investments in other companies. In particular, the healthcare industry, hospitals and providers of elective procedures have been and may continue to be impacted by the pandemic and/or other events beyond our control, and further volatility could have an additional negative impact on these industries, customers, and our business. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic and, to a lesser extent, the impact on other industries, including automotive, electronics and real estate, increased fuel costs, U.S. restrictions on trade, and transitory inflation have impacted and may continue to impact the financial conditions of our customers and the patients they serve.

In addition, actions by United States federal, state and foreign governments to address the COVID-19 pandemic, including travel bans, stay-at-home orders and school, business and entertainment venue closures, also had and may continue to have a significant adverse effect on the markets in which we conduct our businesses. COVID-19 poses the risk that our workforce, suppliers, and other partners may be prevented from conducting normal business activities for an extended period of time, including due to shutdowns or stay-at-home orders that may be requested or mandated by governmental authorities. We have implemented policies to allow our employees to work remotely as a result of the pandemic as we reviewed processes related to workplace safety, including social distancing and sanitation practices recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The COVID-19 pandemic could also cause delays in acquiring new customers and executing renewals and could also impact our business as consumer behavior changes in response to the pandemic.

Since the start of the second quarter of 2021, there has been increased availability and administration of vaccines against COVID-19, as well as an easing of restrictions on social, business, travel, and government activities and functions, including healthcare and elective surgeries, and we have experienced a gradual resumption of economic activities in our industries. On the other hand, infection rates continue to fluctuate in various regions and new strains of the virus, including the Delta variant, remain a risk, which may give rise to implementation of restrictions in the geographic areas that we serve. In addition, there are ongoing global impacts resulting from the pandemic, including disruption of the supply chains, product shortages, increased delivery costs, increased governmental regulation, strains on healthcare systems, and delays in shipments, product development, technology launches and facility access.

We have been closely monitoring the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on our business, including legislation to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 such as the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act which was enacted in March 2020, and the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 which was enacted in March 2021. Although a significant portion of our anticipated revenue for 2021 is derived from fixed-fee and minimum-guarantee arrangements, primarily from large, well-capitalized customers which we believe somewhat mitigates the risks to our business, our per-unit and variable-fee based revenue will continue to be susceptible to the volatility, supply chain disruptions, microchip shortages and potential market downturns induced by the COVID-19 pandemic.

The full extent of the future impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company’s operational and financial performance is uncertain and will depend on many factors outside the Company’s control, including, without limitation, the timing, extent, trajectory and duration of the pandemic; the availability, distribution and effectiveness of vaccines; the spread of new variants of COVID-19; the continued and renewed imposition of protective public safety measures; the impact of COVID-19 on integration of acquisitions, expansion plans, implementation of telemedicine, restrictions on elective procedures, delays in payor remittance and increased regulations; and the impact of the pandemic on the global economy and demand for consumer products. Although we are unable to predict the full impact and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, we are actively managing our financial expenditures in response to continued uncertainty.

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Significant uncertainty remains as to the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operations, and on the global economy as a whole. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has had an immediate negative impact on our business and services revenue in 2020 and 2021.

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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

This summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this prospectus. Before making an investment decision, you should read the entire prospectus carefully, including the sections entitled “Risk Factors,” “Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” “Management Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and in our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto.

In this prospectus, unless we indicate otherwise or the context requires, “Assure,” “company,” “our company,” “the company,” “we,” “our,” “ours” and “us” refer to Assure Holdings Corp. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Our Business

Assure is a best-in-class provider of outsourced intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (“IONM”) and an emerging provider of remote neurology services. The Company delivers a turnkey suite of clinical and operational services to support surgeons and medical facilities during invasive procedures. IONM has been well established as a standard of care and risk mitigation tool for various surgical verticals such as neurosurgery, spine, ear, nose, and throat, cardiovascular, orthopedic and other surgical procures that place the nervous system at risk. Assure employs highly trained IONM technologists, which provide a direct point of contact in the operating room to relay critical information to the surgical team while Company physicians deliver remote neurology services in support of the surgical team. Accredited by The Joint Commission, Assure’s mission is to provide exceptional surgical care and a positive patient experience.

History of IONM

Hans Berger, a German Psychiatrist, first reported EEG tracings in humans in 1928, but it was not until 1935 that O. Foerster and H. Alternberger first utilized EEG in the operative suite. Wilder Penfield, an American-Canadian neurosurgeon, is the first person credited with actively utilizing EEG in the form of ECoG to localize and surgically treat epilepsy (1951). Penfield is also credited with identifying and expanding the methods and techniques for mapping the functions of the brain. Still to this day the techniques that Dr Penfield pioneered to localize and map functional areas of the brain during different brain surgeries are utilized.

In the early 1970 with the development of more advanced spinal instrumentation and aggressive surgical techniques for the treatment of severe spinal deformities, created a need for intraoperative spinal cord monitoring. Up to this point, all the intraoperative monitoring had been for brain surgeries. In 1974, the Scoliosis Research Society found in the 7,800 scoliosis operations utilizing Harrington instrumentation, 87 patients developed severe spinal cord lesions. At the time the most widely utilized form of spinal cord function monitoring was to wake the patient up on the surgical table after the instrumentation had been placed and ask them to move their legs and feet. If the patient was able to move their legs and feet appropriately, the wake up test was deemed a success, the patient was then put back under anesthesia to finish the remainder of the surgery. If the patient failed the wake up test, the patient was put back to under anesthesia, and the surgeon revised the instrumentation and again attempted another wake up test. Waking the patient up intraoperatively, is a risky and time consuming procedure that is wholly imperfect as it only tests the motor aspect of the spinal cord, necessitating the development of methodologies for monitoring the spinal cord function throughout scoliosis correction surgery, reducing the need for intraoperative wake up tests. Also in the 1970s, evoked potentials were being widely used in clinical diagnostic applications. C.L. Nash and his colleagues are credited with first looking at the utility of Somatosensory evoked potential monitoring as a measure of spinal cord function on patients that underwent scoliosis correction. In the 1980s, neurosurgeons started utilizing current to directly stimulate the motor cortex of the brain and recording the resulting motor potential from the spinal cord. Then in the 1990s, surgeons and technologists found that stimulating the motor cortex through the scalp using higher amounts of current would allow for a less invasive way of monitoring the corticospinal motor pathways intraoperatively during spine surgeries. Other surgical disciplines looked at the utility and the neuroprotective measures that were occurring in the neurosurgical and orthopedic spine surgical discipline and have adapted IONM monitoring strategies to help reduce the post-operative neurological deficits noted within their discipline.

Overall, the field of IONM was developed from Neurosurgeons and Spine surgeons seeking ways to improve patient outcomes and reduce the need for intraoperative wake up tests. Today the field of intraoperative neuromonitoring utilizes a multimodality (multiple test) methodology to provide neuroprotective measures for not only neurosurgery and spine surgery, but also cardiovascular, ENT, genitourinary and general orthopedic surgeries.

Our Services and Expertise

Assure offers a comprehensive suite of IONM services from scheduling of the Interoperative Neurophysiologist (“INP”) and supervising practitioner, real time monitoring, patient advocacy and subsequent billing for the services. Assure strives to pair a surgeon with a team

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of Intraoperative Neurophysiologists in order to promote a level of familiarity, comfort and efficiency between the Surgeon and the INP. During each procedure Assure provides two types of services, technical and professional IONM. Our in-house intraoperative neurophysiologists provide technical IONM services during the procedure in the operating room, while the telehealth-oriented professional IONM component is provided by a combination of Company physicians and third- party neurologists/readers. A portion of Assure’s professional IONM services are provided via Managed Service Agreements (“MSAs”) with surgeons or through agreements with Professional Entities (“PEs”). Neurologists/readers provide IONM coverage in a telehealth capacity as a level of redundancy and risk mitigation in support of the onsite technical services. All IONM procedures include both professional services (neurologist) and technical services (intraoperative monitoring). Collectively, support from Assure’s high quality technical and professional IONM services results in decreased hospital and surgeon liability, abbreviated patient stays, fewer readmissions, reduced hospital costs, enhanced overall patient satisfaction and the efficient achievement of better clinical outcomes.

Our Markets

We primarily engage in the neuromonitoring of neurosurgeries, spinal procedures, ear, nose and throat (“ENT”), orthopedic and cardiovascular surgeries. Assure provides IONM services for approximately 191 surgeons in 127 hospitals and surgery centers (which we refer to as “Procedure Facilities”) located in: Colorado, Texas, Louisiana, Pennsylvania, Michigan, South Carolina, Arizona, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada and Utah. We have grown the number of IONM cases from 754 in 2016 to 9,902 for the year ended December 31, 2020. The Company expects to perform more than 17,000 IONM cases in 2021. Assure’s expansion was realized through organic growth and the 2020 and 2021 acquisitions of Neuro-Pro Monitoring, Sentry Neuromonitoring and Elevation.

Neurophysiological staff

Assure currently employs approximately 80 specialized IONM Interoperative Neurophysiologist that are board certified CNIM or board eligible CNIM by ABRET, an internationally recognized credentialing and accreditation institution. Assure Interoperative Neurophysiologists adhere to strict internal protocols and procedures that exceed the industry standards.

Assure has developed an in-house Intraoperative Neurophysiologist Fellowship program. This Fellowship program trains new INPs from start to board certification, allowing for consistently high caliber well trained professional INPs for placement into Assure’s emerging and growing markets. Training and developing our own talent pool allow for more flexible scalability.

In addition, Assure currently employs four physicians to deliver remote neurology services.

Strategy

Our strategy focuses on utilizing best of class personnel and partners to deliver outcomes that are beneficial to all stakeholders including patients, surgeons, hospitals, insurers, and shareholders. Our goal is to establish Assure as the premier provider of IONM services by offering a value-added platform that handles every component from scheduling, case coverage, patient advocacy, billing and collections.

Expansion into other areas for growth

The expansion into additional surgical verticals is part of our growth strategy. By applying our neuromonitoring platform to add or expand additional surgical verticals such as ear nose and throat, orthopedic and others, the addressable market for our service can be greatly expanded.

In addition, Assure’s integrated IONM offering, encompassing both the technologist in the operating room as well as off-site remote neurology services, help the Company create an even higher standard of service for surgeons and patients alike. This broadens Assure’s platform and greatly expands the Company’s margin potential by significantly reducing cost of delivery, facilitating improved profitability on every case performed. Expanded scale associated with physician-driven remote neurology services’ one-to-many model, in contrast to the Company’s legacy on-site technologist-driven one-to-one model, is the most important catalyst for margin improvement. The top-line also benefits from Assure’s integrated offering, given that most remote neurology cases Assure performs itself establish a new revenue stream. Assure technologists have created substantial managed case volume for the business that the Company’s physicians performing remote neurology services are simply consuming. Currently, driving growth in remote neurology services is a matter of scheduling and delivering Assure’s existing managed case volume. Further, providing remote neurology services for IONM offers Assure new opportunities in adjacent markets such as electroencephalographic (EEG), epilepsy, sleep studies and stroke care, where similar services and expertise are utilized.

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Corporate Information and Structure

Assure Holdings Corp.

Assure Holding Corp. (“Assure Holdings Corp.”), formerly Montreux Capital Corp (“Montreux”), formed under the British Columbia Business Corporations Act in British Columbia, Canada on September 24, 2007, is a Nevada corporation, existing under the laws of the State of Nevada pursuant to its Articles of Domestication filed with the Nevada Secretary of State on May 15, 2017.

Our principal executive offices are located at 4600 South Ulster Street, Suite 1225, Denver, Colorado 80237, and our telephone number is 1-720-287-3093. Our main corporate website is located at www.assureneuromonitoring.com. We are a reporting issuer in the United States and Canada and filed reports on the EDGAR system in the United States and on the SEDAR system in Canada. The information on our website or filed on SEDAR is not incorporated by reference into this prospectus.

Assure Holdings, Inc.

Assure Holdings Corp is the sole shareholder of Assure Holdings, Inc. (“Assure Holdings, Inc.”), a Colorado corporation, formed under the laws of the State of Colorado on November 7, 2016. Assure Holdings, Inc. became a wholly owned subsidiary of Assure Holdings Corp on May 15, 2017 when Assure Holdings Inc. and its shareholders and Montreux, and its shareholders, entered into a Share Exchange Agreement pursuant to which the shareholders of Assure Holdings Inc. received shares of Montreux as consideration for their assignment of their shares in Assure Holdings, Inc. to Montreux. Assure Holdings, Inc. employs most of the corporate employees and performs various corporate services on behalf of the Assure Holdings Corp. and its subsidiaries.

Assure Holdings, Inc. is the sole member of Assure Neuromonitoring, LLC (“Assure Neuromonitoring”), a Colorado limited liability company formed under the laws of the state of Colorado on August 25, 2015. Assure Neuromonitoring became a wholly owned subsidiary of Assure Holdings, Inc. on November 7, 2016, when its members assigned their interest in Assure Neuromonitoring to Assure Holdings, Inc. for shares of Assure Holdings, Inc.

Assure Holdings, Inc. is the sole member of Assure Networks, LLC (“Assure Networks”), a Colorado limited liability company formed under the laws of the state of Colorado on November 2, 2016. Assure Networks became a wholly owned subsidiary of Assure Holdings, Inc. on November 7, 2016, when its members assigned their interest in Assure Networks to Assure Holdings, Inc. for shares of Assure Holdings, Inc.

Assure Holdings, Inc. is the sole member of Assure Equipment Leasing, LLC (“Assure Equipment Leasing”), a Colorado limited liability company formed under the laws of the state of Colorado on April 20, 2020.

Assure Neuromonitoring

Assure Neuromonitoring facilitates the performance of both the neurophysiologist and remote neurology components of interoperative neuromonitoring services. Assure Neuromonitoring, either directly or by and through the Assure Neuromonitoring employs intraoperative neurophysiologists who utilize technical equipment and specialized training to actively monitor various neurophysiologic system functions during surgical procedures. In actively monitoring these systems during the procedures the INP can pre-emptively notify the operative team of changes to the neurophysiologic function, working to reduce post-operative neural deficits. The technologists perform their services in the operating room during surgical procedures. The technologists are certified by ABRET, a third-party internationally recognized credentialing agency. In addition, Assure employs four experienced and highly trained physicians to deliver remote neurology services.

Assure Networks

Assure Networks exists for the purpose of facilitating the performance of the Professional Component of IONM. Assure Networks, either directly or by and through the Assure Networks subsidiaries owns interest in entities that either (i) directly perform the professional component through third-party contracted neurologists or oversight reading physicians, or (ii) provide management services for entities owned by licensed physicians.

In the instances where Assure Networks or the applicable Assure Networks subsidiary owns an interest in the entity performing the professional component of IONM, such structure is based on a legal analysis that is completed by a third-party law firm to determine

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the specific state law requirements with respect to the corporate practice of medicine. Once Assure Networks or the applicable Assure Networks subsidiary obtains a legal option regarding the recommended legal structure, the applicable entity is established.

In the instances where Assure Networks or the applicable Assure Networks subsidiary is unable to own an interest in the entity performing the professional component due to state specific regulations, Assure Networks or the applicable Assure Networks subsidiaries enters into a management services agreement whereby Assure Networks or the applicable Assure Networks subsidiaries agrees to perform management services on behalf of a third-party unrelated entity performing the professional component of IONM and is paid fair market value compensation for such services. The fair market value compensation is based on a third-party fair market value valuation prepared by a professional valuation firm engaged by Assure Networks or the applicable Assure Networks subsidiary.

Assure Networks Texas Holdings, LLC

Assure Networks Texas Holdings, LLC (“Assure Networks Texas Holdings”) is a Texas limited liability company, formed under the laws of the State of Texas on November 12, 2019. On October 31, 2019, Assure Networks Texas Holdings, a wholly owned subsidiary of Assure Networks, acquired all of the assets of Neuro-Pro Series, LLC, Neuro-Pro Mgmt., LLC, Neuro-Pro Monitoring, LLC, MONRV, PLLC, NPJC, LLC, MONRVortho, PLLC, NPJCorto LLC and PRONRV, LLC (collectively, the “Neuro-Pro Asset Purchase”). The Neuro-Pro Asset Purchase increased the number of cases for both the neurophysiologists component and the Professional Component and expanded the presence for Assure Neuromonitoring, Assure Networks and the Assure Networks Subsidiaries in the State of Texas.

Our Common Stock

Our common stock is listed on the NASDAQ under the symbol “IONM” and on the TSX-V under the symbol “IOM.”

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THE OFFERING

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RISK FACTORS

An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should consider carefully the following information about these risks, together with the other information contained in this prospectus, including the matters addressed in the section entitled “Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” beginning on page v of this prospectus, before making an investment decision. Our business, prospects, financial condition, and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected as a result of any of the following risks. The value of our securities could decline as a result of any of these risks. You could lose all or part of your investment in our securities. Some of the statements in “Risk Factors” are forward-looking statements. The following risk factors are not the only risk factors facing our Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our business, prospects, financial condition, and results of operations and it is not possible to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on us or the extent to which any factor or combination of factors may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in or implied by any forward-looking statements.

Risks Related to Our Business

The COVID-19 coronavirus has and can continue to adversely impact our business.

In December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus, COVID-19, was reported to have surfaced in Wuhan, China. Since then, the COVID-19 coronavirus has spread to over 150 countries and every state in the United States. On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of coronavirus a “Public Health Emergency of International Concern.” On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak a pandemic, and on March 13, 2020, the United States declared a national emergency. The spread of the virus in many countries continues to adversely impact global economic activity and has contributed to significant volatility and negative pressure in financial markets and supply chains. The pandemic has had, and could have a significantly greater, material adverse effect on the U.S. economy where we conduct a majority of our business. The pandemic has resulted, and may continue to result for an extended period, in significant disruption of global financial markets, which may reduce our ability to access capital in the future, which could negatively affect our liquidity. Operations related to the sale and use of medical devices and supplies utilized in surgical procedures may experience a delay in implementation and expansion our Business.

Since December 11, 2020, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) issued the emergency use authorizations (“EUA”) for three vaccines developed for the prevention of COVID-19 caused SARS-CoV-2. Other vaccine manufacturers are anticipated to receive FDA approval for additional vaccines. The emergency use authorizations allow the vaccines to be distributed in the U.S. While clinical trials of the vaccines demonstrated a high degree of effectiveness, there remains uncertainty as to the effectiveness of the vaccines outside clinical trials, the timing of the rollout of the vaccines, the immunization and acceptance rate, potential side effects of the vaccines, potential mutation of COVID-19 in response to the vaccines and other risks and uncertainties.

The extent to which the COVID-19 coronavirus may continue to impact our business and our profitability and growth will depend on future developments to combat COVID-19, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence, such as the effectiveness of vaccines, the ultimate geographic spread of the disease, the duration of the outbreak, travel restrictions and social distancing in the United States and other countries, business closures or business disruptions and the effectiveness of actions taken in the United States and other countries to contain and treat the disease.

State and local governments may place mandates limiting elective surgeries in hospital facilities in order to reserve capacity for COVID-19 patients. Such limitation on elective surgeries in states in which we operate can have a material negative effect on our ability to manage procedures and therefore our revenue.

Historical negative operating results

In 2015, we launched our business as a neuromonitoring service company. Since its initial launch, the Company has generated operating losses in 2017 and 2020. The 2017 operating loss was due to a $16 million non-cash expense related to shares of stock granted to two executives of the Company. There will be no expense recognized in future periods for these share grants. The 2020 operating loss relates primarily to the Company reducing its revenue accrual rates and accounts receivable collection assumptions to be more in line with its current cash collection experience. The impact of this was approximately $20 million in 2020. Commencing September 30, 2020, the Company commenced updating its revenue accrual rates and accounts receivable collection assumptions on a quarterly basis. Previously this was done on a semi-annual basis. The quarterly updates should reduce the risk of volatile fluctuations like those experienced in 2020. While fluctuations in the revenue accrual rates and accounts receivable collection assumptions will occur in the future, the Company does not expect them to be as significant as those previously experienced.

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Our plan is to grow our business through expansion and we anticipate that we will be required to raise additional funds to finance our operations; however, we may not be able to do so when necessary and/or on terms advantageous or acceptable to us.

We have financed our capital and cash requirements primarily from revenues generated from services, using a bank facility and line of credit, and issuing convertible debentures, common stock and warrants in private placement offerings. Our ability to maintain the carrying value of our assets and become profitable is dependent on successfully marketing our services, maintaining future profitable operations, improving our billing and collections processes, successfully negotiating pricing and payment arrangements with payors and maintaining our network of providers, the outcome of which cannot be predicted at this time. We intend to grow our operations by developing additional PE relationships and directly contracting with hospitals and surgery centers for services. In the future, we anticipate that it may be necessary for us to raise additional funds for the continuing development of our business strategy.

Our operations to date have consumed substantial amounts of cash and we have sustained negative cash flows from our operations for the last several years. We anticipate that we will require future additional capital, including public or private financing, strategic partnerships or other arrangements with organizations that have capabilities and/or products that are complementary to our own capabilities and/or products, in order to continue the development of our product candidates. However, there can be no assurances that we will complete any financings, strategic alliances or collaborative development agreements, and the terms of such arrangements may not be advantageous to us. Any additional equity financing will be dilutive to our current stockholders and debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants. If we raise funds through collaborative or licensing arrangements, we may be required to relinquish, on terms that are not favorable to us, rights to some of our technologies or product candidates that we would otherwise seek to develop or commercialize. Our failure to raise capital when needed could materially harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our business strategy is to grow through expansion of our current business and acquisitions; however, our business is currently not highly diversified.

Our business strategy has been to grow through expansion. Although we operate in Colorado, Texas, Louisiana, Pennsylvania, Michigan, South Carolina, Arizona, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada and Utah, the majority of our case volume is currently concentrated in Colorado, Louisiana and Texas, where we are susceptible to local and regional fluctuations in demand for our service, downturns in the economy, adverse weather conditions, changes in local or state regulations, and other localized market changes.

Our efforts to expand and execute our acquisition strategy may be affected by our ability to identify suitable candidates and negotiate and close acquisition transactions. We may encounter numerous business risks in acquiring additional facilities, and may have difficulty operating and integrating these facilities. Further, the companies or assets we acquire in the future may not ultimately produce returns that justify our investment. If we are not able to execute our acquisition strategy, our ability to increase revenues and earnings through external growth will be impaired.

Our loan agreement subjects us to covenants that affect the conduct of business. In the event that our common shares do not maintain a sufficient valuation, or potential acquisition candidates are unwilling to accept our common shares as all or part of the purchase consideration, we may be required to use more of our cash resources, if available, or to rely solely on additional financing arrangements to pursue our acquisition and development strategy. We may not have sufficient capital resources or be able to obtain financing on terms acceptable to us for our acquisition and development strategy, which would limit our growth. Without sufficient capital resources to implement this strategy, our future growth could be limited and operations impaired. There can be no assurance that additional financing will be available to fund this growth strategy or that, if available, the financing will be on terms that are acceptable to us.

We face significant competition from other healthcare providers.

We compete with other IONM service providers for patients, surgeons, neurologist, and INPs. Some of our competitors have longstanding and well-established relationships with physicians and third-party payors in the community. Some of our competitors are hospitals that provide IONM services for surgeries occurring within their hospital facilities. Some of our competitors are also significantly larger than us, may have access to greater marketing, financial and other resources and may be better known in the general community.

The competition among service providers, facilities and hospitals for surgeons, neurologists, professional staff and patients has intensified in recent years. We face competition from other providers that perform similar services, both inside and outside of our primary service areas. Some of our competitors are owned by non-profit or governmental entities, which may be supported by endowments and charitable contributions or by public or governmental support. These competitors can make capital expenditures

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without paying sales tax, may hold the property without paying property taxes and may pay for the equipment out of earnings not burdened by income taxes. This competitive advantage may affect our ability to compete effectively with these non-profit or governmental entities.

There are several large, publicly traded companies, divisions or subsidiaries of large publicly held companies, and several private companies that develop and acquire specialty services, which may include neuromonitoring, and these companies compete with us in the acquisition of additional businesses. Further, many surgeon groups develop groups that provide ancillary services, using consultants who typically perform these services for a fee and who may take a small equity interest in the ongoing operations of a business. We can give no assurance that we can compete effectively in these areas. If we are unable to compete effectively to recruit new surgeons, neurologists, attract patients, enter into arrangements with managed care payors or attract new facility-wide outsourcing agreements, our ability to implement our growth strategies successfully could be impaired. This may have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Reliance on key personnel, industry partners and our ability to hire experienced employees and professionals

Our development will depend on the efforts of key management, key personnel and our relationships with medical partners in the surgical industry and our ability to hire experienced employees and professionals. Loss of any of these people and partnerships, particularly to competitors, could have a material adverse effect on our business. Further, with respect to the future development of our business, it is necessary to attract additional partners and personnel for such development.

The marketplace for key skilled personnel is becoming more competitive, which means the cost of hiring, training and retaining such personnel may increase. Our business is dependent on our ability to hire and retain employees who have advanced clinical and other technical skills. Employees who meet these high standards are in great demand and are likely to remain a limited resource in the foreseeable future. If we are unable to recruit and retain a sufficient number of these employees, the ability to maintain and grow the business could be negatively impacted. A limited supply of qualified applicants may also contribute to wage increases which outpace the rate of inflation

Factors outside our control, including competition for human capital and the high level of technical expertise and experience required to execute this development, will affect our ability to employ the specific personnel required. Due to our relatively small size, the failure to retain or attract a sufficient number of key skilled personnel and partnerships could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of future operations and financial condition.

The intraoperative neuromonitoring industry is relatively new and is subject to risk associated with public scrutiny and gaps in technician oversight and formal board reviews.

The intraoperative neuromonitoring industry is relatively new and many of service providers are small privately held providers of intraoperative neuromonitoring that lack quality assurance programs. Our competitors may be more susceptible to adverse patient outcomes, thus raising public scrutiny of the industry as a whole. Such public scrutiny could impact our ability to maintain and grow the business.

Technicians within the intraoperative neuromonitoring industry are not subject to oversight or formal board reviews. Lack of oversight and reviews could lead to declining quality among providers who lack self-governed internal programs designed to ensure high-quality standards. Given the fragmented competitive landscape of the neuromonitoring industry, such gaps in appropriate clinical oversight could impact our ability to maintain or grow the business.

We are subject to fluctuations in revenues and payor mix.

We depend on payments from third-party payors, including private insurers, managed care organizations and government healthcare programs. We are dependent on private and, to a lesser extent, governmental third- party sources of payment for the procedures performed in Procedure Facilities. Our competitive position has been, and will continue to be, affected by reimbursement and co-payment initiatives undertaken by third-party payors, including insurance companies, and, to a lesser extent, employers, and Medicare and Medicaid.

As an increasing percentage of patients become subject to healthcare coverage arrangements with managed care payors, our success may depend in part on our ability to negotiate favorable contracts on behalf of Procedure Facilities with managed care organizations, employer groups and other private third-party payors. There can be no assurances that we will be able to enter into these arrangements

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on satisfactory terms in the future. Also, to the extent that Procedure Facilities have managed care contracts currently in place, there can be no assurance that such contracts will be renewed, or the rates of reimbursement held at current levels.

Managed care plans often set their reimbursement rates based on Medicare and Medicaid rates and consequently, although only a small portion of our revenues are from Medicare and Medicaid, the rates established by these payors may influence our revenues from private payors. As with most government reimbursement programs, the Medicare and Medicaid programs are subject to statutory and regulatory changes, possible retroactive and prospective rate adjustments, administrative rulings, freezes and funding reductions, all of which may adversely affect our revenues and results of operations.

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services introduced substantial changes to reimbursement and coverage related to ambulatory surgical centers (“ASC”). Under these ASC rules, reimbursement levels decreased and remain subject to change. Consequently, our operating margins may continue to be under pressure as a result of changes in payor mix and growth in operating expenses in excess of increases in payments by third-party payors. In addition, as a result of competitive pressures, our ability to maintain operating margins through price increases to privately insured patients is limited. This could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

We currently do not bill for Medicare or Medicaid procedures.

Net patient service revenue is reported at the estimated net realizable amounts from patients, third-party payors, and others for services rendered and is recognized upon performance of the patient service. In determining net patient service revenue, management periodically reviews and evaluates historical payment data, payor mix and current economic conditions and adjusts, as required, the estimated collections as a percentage of gross billings in subsequent periods based on final settlements and collections. Management continues to monitor historical collections and market conditions to manage and report the effects of a change in estimates. While we believe that the current reporting and trending software provides us with an accurate estimate of net patient service revenues, any changes in collections or market conditions that we fail to accurately estimate or predict could have a material adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition.

We depend on reimbursement from a small group of third-party payers which could lead to delays and uncertainties in the reimbursement rate and process.

Approximately 60% of our accrued revenue for the twelve months ended December 31, 2020 relates to 24 third-party payors. The loss or disruption of any one of these payors could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Additionally, about 90% of our cash collections during the twelve months ended December 31, 2020 was concentrated among these same third party payors. Greater diversification of payors is dependent on expansion into new markets.

Our performance is greatly dependent on decisions that third-party Payors make regarding their out-of-network benefits and alternatively, our ability to negotiate profitable contracts with Third-Party Payors.

One of the complexities of our business is navigating the increasingly hostile environment for entities that are not participants in the health insurance companies’ (“Third-Party Payors”) provider networks (also referred to as an out-of-network provider or facility). Third-Party Payors negotiate discounted fees with providers and facilities in return for access to the patient populations which those Third-Party Payors cover. The providers and facilities that contractually agree to these rates become part of the Third-Party Payor’s “network”. We are currently out-of-network as to most Third-Party Payors.

There are several risks associated with not participating in Third-Party Payor networks. First, not all Third- Party Payors offer coverage to their patients for services rendered by non-participants in that Third-Party Payor’s network. Further, it is typically the case that patients with so-called “out-of-network benefits” will be obliged to pay higher co-pays, higher deductibles, and a larger percentage of co-insurance payments. In addition, because the out-of-network coverage often mandates payment at a “usual and customary rate”, the determination of the amounts payable by the Third-Party Payor can fluctuate.

Healthcare providers and facilities that choose not to participate in a Third-Party Payor’s network often face longer times for their claims to be processed and paid. Further, many Third-Party Payors aggressively audit claims from out-of-network providers and facilities and continuously change their benefit policies in various ways that restrict the ability of beneficiaries to access out of network benefits, and to restrict out-of-network providers from treating their beneficiaries. Consequently, it may become necessary for us to change our out-of-network strategy and join Third-Party Payor networks. This may require us to negotiate and maintain numerous contracts with various

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Third-Party Payors. In either case, our performance is greatly dependent upon decisions that Third-Party Payors make regarding their out-of-network benefits and alternatively, our ability to negotiate profitable contracts with Third-Party Payors.

If it becomes necessary for us to convert entirely to in-network, there is no guarantee that we will be able to successfully negotiate these contracts. Further, we may experience difficulty in establishing and maintaining relationships with health maintenance organizations, preferred provider organizations, and other Third-Party Payors. Out-of-network reimbursement rates are typically higher than in network reimbursement rates, so our revenue would likely decline if we move to an in-network provider strategy and fail to increase our volume of business sufficiently to offset reduced in-network reimbursement rates. These factors could adversely affect our revenues and our business.

Historically, all privately insured cases were billed on an out-of-network basis. Over the past eighteen months the Company has shifted some of the business to direct and indirect contracts with the payors and related parties. However, as of September 30, 2021, approximately 70% of our privately insured cases remain out of network basis, without any reimbursement rate protection or consistent in-network patient enrollments typically seen from an in-network agreement. Accordingly, we are susceptible to changes in reimbursement policies and procedures by third-party insurers and patients’ preference of using their out of network benefits which could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The industry trend toward value-based purchasing may negatively impact our revenues.

We believe that value-based purchasing initiatives of both governmental and private payors tying financial incentives to quality and efficiency of care will increasingly affect the results of operations of Procedure Facilities and may negatively impact our revenues if we are unable to meet expected quality standards.

We may be affected by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (“ACA”), which contains several provisions intended to promote value-based purchasing in federal health care programs. Medicare now requires providers to report certain quality measures in order to receive full reimbursement increases for inpatient and outpatient procedures that were previously awarded automatically. In addition, hospitals that meet or exceed certain quality performance standards will receive increased reimbursement payments, while hospitals that have “excess readmissions” for specified conditions will receive reduced reimbursement. There is a trend among private payors toward value-based purchasing of health care services, as well. Many large commercial health insurance payors require hospitals to report quality data, and several of these payors will not reimburse hospitals for certain preventable adverse events.

We expect value based purchasing programs, including programs that condition reimbursement on patient outcome measures, to become more common, to involve a higher percentage of reimbursement amounts and to spread to reimbursement for ancillary services. Although we are unable to predict how this trend will affect our future results of operations, it could negatively impact our revenues if we are unable to meet quality standards established by both governmental and private payors.

State and Federal surprise billing legislation could lead to lower reimbursement rates.

The majority of U.S. states have laws protecting consumers against out-of-network balance billing or “surprise billing”. U.S. congressional committees have also proposed federal legislation to prohibit surprise billing. While consumer collections represent a negligible amount of our total revenue, most state surprise billing laws have established payment standards based on the median in-network rate or a multiplier of what Medicare would pay. These payment standards are often less than the average out-of-network payment and could therefore have an adverse effect on reimbursement rates. Although we have already experienced lower reimbursement rates from such laws, additional impact may be experienced as more states and/or federal legislation is adopted. Today, approximately 20% of our third-party payor revenue is contracted with in-network rate agreements and we are actively pursuing more in-network agreements to further mitigate this risk.

Our revenues will depend on our customers’ continued receipt of adequate reimbursement from private insurers and government sponsored healthcare programs.

Political, economic, and regulatory influences continue to change the healthcare industry in the United States. The ability of hospitals to pay fees for our products partially depends on the extent to which reimbursement for the costs of such materials and related treatments will continue to be available from private health coverage insurers and other similar organizations. We may have difficulty gaining market acceptance for the products we sell if third-party payors do not provide adequate coverage and reimbursement to hospitals. Major third- party payors of hospitals, such as private healthcare insurers, periodically revise their payment methodologies based, in part, upon changes in government sponsored healthcare programs. We cannot predict these periodic revisions with certainty, and such revisions

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may result in stricter standards for reimbursement of hospital charges for certain specified products, potentially adversely impacting our business, results of operations, and financial conditions.

Accounting adjustments due to changes in circumstances or estimates may require us to write off accounts receivables or write down intangible assets, such as goodwill, may have a material impact on our financial reporting and results of operations.

We have made accounting adjustments due to changes in circumstances or estimates. For example, we made adjustments by writing off accounts receivable due to changes in accounting estimates for collections and we may write off additional accounts receivable, intangible assets, such as goodwill, or may be required to make adjustments to our financial statements based on changes in circumstances.

Accounts Receivable

When commencing operations in 2016, the Company was provided with collection experience from its then third-party billing and collection company who billed on behalf of other neuromonitoring companies in the United States. The Company used this third-party collection experience to accrue revenue for its technical and professional neuromonitoring services. This practice continued until the end of 2018. At the end of 2018, the Company reviewed its own collection experience and determined that its collections for 2016 - 2017 technical and professional cases were lower than the amounts previously accrued. Accordingly, the Company reserved all its open accounts receivables to the amount determine from our actual historical collection experience. The Company then used its own collection experience to record technical and professional revenue for all subsequent services provided. In conjunction with the reserves recorded at the end of 2018, the Company instituted an accounting policy to update its technical and professional collection experience on a semi-annual basis based upon the average collection per procedure for the billings twenty-four months prior.

The Company updated its technical and professional collection experience at the end of June 2019, December 2019 and June 2020. For each of these periods, the collection experience deteriorated from the previous semi-annual period estimates and additional reserves were recorded. In addition, at the end of December 2019 the Company reserved all of the previously recorded revenue amounts from a commercial insurance provider that refused to pay the Company for technical neuromonitoring cases.

In order to more precisely estimate and our accounts receivable reserves, in September 2020 the Company changed its accounting policy to update its technical and professional collection experience quarterly. This change in policy will not eliminate additional reserves being recorded for fluctuation in the technical and professional collection experience in future periods. However our change in policy is expected to reduce the magnitude of future reserves that are recorded as a result of fluctuations in the Company’s collection experience.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

As a result of purchase accounting for our acquisition transactions, our consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2020 contained intangible assets designated as either goodwill or intangibles totaling approximately $2.85 million in goodwill and approximately $4.1 million in intangibles. Additional acquisitions that result in the recognition of additional intangible assets would cause an increase in these intangible assets. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate whether facts and circumstances indicate any impairment of the value of intangible assets. As circumstances change, we cannot assure you that the value of these intangible assets will be realized. If we determine that a significant impairment has occurred, we will be required to write-off the impaired portion of goodwill or other intangible assets, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations in the period in which the write-off occurs.

We depend on referrals.

Our success, in large part, is dependent upon referrals to our physicians from other physicians, systems, health plans and others in the communities in which we operate, and upon our medical staff’s ability to maintain good relations with these referral sources. Physicians who use Procedure Facilities and those who refer patients are not our employees and, in many cases, most physicians have admitting privileges at other hospitals and (subject to any applicable non-competition arrangements) may refer patients to other providers. If we are unable to successfully cultivate and maintain strong relationships with our physicians and their referral sources, the number of procedures performed at Procedure Facilities may decrease and cause revenues to decline. This could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

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We may be subject to professional liability claims.

As a healthcare provider, we are subject to professional liability claims both directly and indirectly through the malpractice of members of our medical staff. We are responsible for the standard of care provided in Procedure Facilities by staff working in those facilities. We have legal responsibility for the physical environment and appropriate operation of our equipment used during surgical procedures. In addition, we are subject to various liability for the negligence of its credentialed medical staff under circumstances where we either knew or should have known of a problem leading to a patient injury. The physicians credentialed at Procedure Facilities are involved in the delivery of healthcare services to the public and are exposed to the risk of professional liability claims. Although we neither control the practice of medicine by physicians nor have responsibility for compliance with certain regulatory and other requirements directly applicable to physicians and their services, as a result of the relationship between us and the physicians providing services to patients in Procedure Facilities, we or our subsidiaries may become subject to medical malpractice claims under various legal theories. Claims of this nature, if successful, could result in damage awards to the claimants in excess of the limits of available insurance coverage. Insurance against losses related to claims of this type can be expensive and varies widely from state to state. We maintain and require the physicians on the medical staff of Procedure Facilities to maintain liability insurance in amounts and coverages believed to be adequate, presently $1 million per claim to an aggregate of $3 million per year.

Most malpractice liability insurance policies do not extend coverage for punitive damages. While extremely rare in the medical area, punitive damages are those damages assessed by a jury with the intent to “punish” a tortfeasor rather than pay for a material loss resulting from the alleged injury. We cannot assure you that we will not incur liability for punitive damage awards even where adequate insurance limits are maintained. We also believe that there has been, and will continue to be, an increase in governmental investigations of physician-owned facilities, particularly in the area of Medicare/Medicaid false claims, as well as an increase in enforcement actions resulting from these investigations. Investigation activity by private third-party payors has also increased with, in some cases, intervention by the states’ attorneys general. Also possible are potential non-covered claims, or “qui tam” or “whistleblower” suits. Any adverse determination in a legal proceeding or governmental investigation, whether currently asserted or arising in the future, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.

We may be subject to liability claims for damages and other expenses not covered by insurance that could reduce our earnings and cash flows.

Our operations may subject us, as well as our officers and directors to whom we owe certain defense and indemnity obligations, to litigation and liability for damages. Our business, profitability and growth prospects could suffer if we face negative publicity or we pay damages or defense costs in connection with a claim that is outside the scope or limits of coverage of any applicable insurance coverage, including claims related to adverse patient events, contractual disputes, professional and general liability, and directors’ and officers’ duties. We currently maintain insurance coverage for those risks we deem are appropriate. However, a successful claim, including a professional liability, malpractice or negligence claim which is in excess of any applicable insurance coverage, or not covered by insurance, could have a material adverse effect on our earnings and cash flows. In addition, if our costs of insurance and claims increase, then our earnings could decline. Market rates for insurance premiums and deductibles have been steadily increasing. Our earnings and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected by any of these:

We are subject to rising costs, including malpractice insurance premiums or claims may adversely affect our business

The costs of providing our services have been rising and are expected to continue to rise at a rate higher than that anticipated for consumer goods as a whole. These increased costs may arise from adverse risk management claims against us or increases in the rates for medical malpractice insurance. As a result, our business, operating results or financial condition could be adversely affected if we are unable to implement annual private pay increases due to changing market conditions or otherwise increase our revenues to cover increases in labor and other costs.

We may incur unexpected, material liabilities as a result of acquisitions.

Although we intend to conduct due diligence on any future acquisition, we may inadvertently invest in acquisitions that have material liabilities arising from, for example, the failure to comply with government regulations or other past activities. Although we have professional and general liability insurance, we do not currently maintain and are unlikely to acquire insurance specifically covering every unknown or contingent liability that may have occurred prior to our investment in Procedure Facilities, particularly those involving prior civil or criminal misconduct (for which there is no insurance). Incurring such liabilities as a result of future acquisitions could have an adverse effect on our business, operations and financial condition.

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If we fail to successfully maintain an effective internal control over financial reporting, the integrity of our financial reporting could be compromised, which could result in a material adverse effect on our reported financial results.

If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud. As a result, stockholders could lose confidence in our financial and other public reporting, which would harm our business and the trading price of our common stock. Effective internal controls over financial reporting are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and, together with adequate disclosure controls and procedures, are designed to prevent fraud. Any failure to implement required new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in their implementation could cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations. Inferior internal controls could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which could have a negative effect on the trading price of our common stock.

Our reliance on software-as-a-service (“SaaS”) technologies from third parties may adversely affect our business and results of operations.

We rely on SaaS technologies from third parties in order to operate critical functions of our business, including financial management services, customer relationship management services, supply chain services and data storage services. If these services become unavailable due to extended outages or interruptions or because they are no longer available on commercially reasonable terms or prices, or for any other reason, our expenses could increase, our ability to manage our finances could be interrupted, our processes for managing sales of our offerings and supporting our customers could be impaired, our ability to communicate with our suppliers could be weakened and our ability to access or save data stored to the cloud may be impaired until equivalent services, if available, are identified, obtained and implemented, all of which could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our business depends on network and mobile infrastructure developed and maintained by third-party providers. Any significant interruptions in service could result in limited capacity, processing delays and loss of customers.

We depend on the development and maintenance of the Internet and mobile infrastructure. This includes maintenance of reliable Internet and mobile infrastructure with the necessary speed, data capacity and security, as well as timely development of complementary products, for providing reliable Internet and mobile access. We also use and rely on services from other third parties, such as our telecommunications services and credit card processors, and those services may be subject to outages and interruptions that are not within our control. Failures by our telecommunications providers may interrupt our ability to provide phone support to our customers and Distributed denial-of-service (“DDoS”) attacks directed at our telecommunication service providers could prevent customers from accessing our website. In addition, we have in the past and may in the future experience down periods where our third-party credit card processors are unable to process the online payments of our customers, disrupting our ability to receive customer orders. Our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected if for any reason the reliability of our Internet, telecommunications, payment systems and mobile infrastructure is compromised.

Cybersecurity incidents could disrupt business operations, result in the loss of critical and confidential information, and adversely impact our reputation and results of operations.

We are dependent on the proper function, availability and security of our information systems, including without limitation those systems utilized in our scheduling and collection operations. We have undertaken measures to protect the safety and security of our information systems and the data maintained within those systems. As part of our efforts, we may be required to expend significant capital to protect against the threat of security breaches or to alleviate problems caused by breaches, including unauthorized access to patient data and personally identifiable information stored in our information systems and the introduction of computer malware to our systems. However, there can be no assurance our safety and security measures will detect and prevent security breaches in a timely manner or otherwise prevent damage or interruption of our systems and operations. We may be vulnerable to losses associated with the improper functioning, security breach or unavailability of our information systems.

We have identified and disclosed in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. If we are not able to remediate these material weaknesses and maintain an effective system of internal controls, we may not be able to accurately or timely report our financial results, which could cause our stock price to fall or result in our stock being delisted.

We need to devote significant resources and time to comply with the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“Sarbanes-Oxley”) with respect to internal control over financial reporting. In addition, Section 404 under Sarbanes-Oxley requires that we assess

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the design and operating effectiveness of our controls over financial reporting, which are necessary for us to provide reliable and accurate financial reports.

As reported in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, there were material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting at December 31, 2020. Specifically, management’s assessment concluded that the Company has the following material weaknesses: (a) lack of review of accounting for complex transactions and (b) lack of proper segregation of duties.

We expect our systems and controls to become increasingly complex to the extent that we integrate acquisitions and as our business grows. To effectively manage our company today and this anticipated complexity, we need to remediate these material weaknesses and continue to improve our operational, financial, and management controls and our reporting systems and procedures. Any failure to remediate these material weaknesses and implement required new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in the implementation or operation of these controls, could harm our operating results, cause us to fail to meet our financial reporting obligations, or make it more difficult to raise capital (or, if we are able to raise such capital, make such capital more expensive), one or more of which could adversely affect our business and/or jeopardize our listing on the NASDAQ, any of which would harm our stock price.

Risks Related to Regulation of the Healthcare Industry

Our business is subject to intense government regulation

The health care industry is heavily regulated and we are required to comply with extensive and complex laws and regulations at the federal, state and local government levels. A number of these laws only relate to the provision of Medicare and Medicaid billing. We currently do not bill for Medicare or Medicaid procedures. However, we are cognizant of these laws and regulations as we consider billing Medicare or Medicaid directly in the future.

Anti-Kickback Statutes

The federal Anti-Kickback Statute prohibits the knowing and willful offer, payment, solicitation or receipt of remuneration to induce the referral of a patient or the purchase, lease or order (or the arranging for or recommending of the purchase, lease or order) of healthcare items or services paid for by federal healthcare programs, including Medicare or Medicaid. A violation does not require proof that a person had actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate the statute, and court decisions under the Anti-Kickback Statute have consistently held that the law is violated where one purpose of a payment is to induce or reward referrals. Violation of the federal anti-kickback statute could result in felony conviction, administrative penalties, civil liability (including penalties) under the False Claims Act and/or exclusion from federal healthcare programs.

A number of states have enacted anti-kickback laws (including so-called “fee splitting” laws) that sometimes apply not only to state-sponsored healthcare programs but also to items or services that are paid for by private insurance and self-pay patients. State anti-kickback laws can vary considerably in their applicability and scope and sometimes have fewer statutory and regulatory exceptions than does the federal law. Enforcement of state anti-kickback laws varies widely and is often inconsistent and erratic.

Our management carefully considers the importance of such anti-kickback laws when structuring company operations. That said, we cannot assure that the applicable regulatory authorities will not determine that some of our arrangements with physicians violate the Anti-Kickback Statute or other applicable laws. An adverse determination could subject us to different liabilities, including criminal penalties, civil monetary penalties and exclusion from participation in Medicare, Medicaid or other health care programs, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Physician Self- Referral (“Stark”) Laws

The federal Stark Law, 42 U.S.C. 1395nn, also known as the physician self-referral law, generally prohibits a physician from referring Medicare and Medicaid patients to an entity (including hospitals) providing “designated health services,” if the physician has a “financial relationship” with the entity, unless an exception applies. Designated health services include, among other services, inpatient hospital services, outpatient prescription drug services, clinical laboratory services, certain diagnostic imaging services, and other services that our affiliated physicians may order for their patients. The prohibition applies regardless of the reasons for the financial relationship, unless an exception applies. The exceptions to the federal Stark Law are numerous and often complex. The penalties for violating the Stark Law include civil penalties of up to $15,000 for each violation and potential civil liability (including penalties) under the False Claims Act.

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Some states have enacted statutes and regulations concerning physician self-referrals (i.e., referrals by a physician to a health care entity in which the physician has an ownership interest). Such physician self-referrals laws may apply to the referral of patients regardless of payor source and/or type of health care service. These state laws may contain statutory and regulatory exceptions that are different from those of the federal law and that may vary from state to state. Enforcement of state physician self-referral laws varies widely and is often inconsistent and erratic.

Our management carefully considers the importance of physician self-referral laws when structuring company operations. That said, we cannot assure that the applicable regulatory authorities will not determine that some of our arrangements with physicians violate the Federal Stark Law or other applicable laws. An adverse determination could subject us to different liabilities, including criminal penalties, civil monetary penalties and exclusion from participation in Medicare, Medicaid or other health care programs, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

False Claims Act

The federal False Claims Act, 31 U.S.C. § 3729, imposes civil penalties for knowingly submitting or causing the submission of a false or fraudulent claim for payment to a government-sponsored program, such as Medicare and Medicaid. Violations of the False Claims Act present civil liability of treble damages plus a penalty of at least $11,181 per false claim. The False Claims Act has “whistleblower” or “qui tam” provisions that allow individuals to commence a civil action in the name of the government, and the whistleblower is entitled to share in any subsequent recovery (plus attorney’s fees). Many states also have enacted civil statutes that largely mirror the federal False Claims Act, but allow states to impose penalties in a state court.

The False Claims Act has been used by the federal government and qui tam plaintiffs to bring enforcement actions under so-called “fraud and abuse” laws like the federal Anti-Kickback Statute and the Stark Law. Such actions are not based on a contention that claims for payment were factually false or inaccurate. Instead, such actions are based on the theory that accurate claims are deemed to be false/fraudulent if there has been noncompliance with some other material law or regulation. The existence of the False Claims Act, under which so-called qui tam plaintiffs can allege liability for a wide range of regulatory noncompliance, increases the potential for such actions to be brought and has increased the potential financial exposure for such actions. These actions are costly and time-consuming to defend.

Our management carefully considers the importance of compliance will all applicable laws and when structuring company operations. Our management is aware of and actively works to minimize risk related to potential qui tam plaintiffs. That said, we cannot assure that the applicable enforcement authorities or qui tam plaintiffs will not allege violations of the False Claims Act or analogous state false claims laws. A finding of liability under the False Claims Act could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

State Licensure and Accreditation

States have a wide variety of health care laws and regulations that potentially affect our operations and the operations of our partners. For example: (1) many states have implemented laws and regulations related to so-called “tele-health,” but whether those laws apply to our operations, and the obligations they impose, vary wildly; (2) some states have so-called corporate practice of medicine prohibitions, and such prohibitions are used to indirectly regulate ownership of heath care companies and/or management companies; and (3) some states have “surprise billing” or out-of-network billing laws that impose a variety of obligations on health care providers and health plans. The failure to comply with all state regulatory obligations could be used by health plans to deny payment or to recoup funds, and any noncompliance could subject us to penalties or limitations that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

In addition, our partners’ healthcare facilities and professionals are subject to professional and private licensing, certification and accreditation requirements. These include, but are not limited to, requirements imposed by Medicare, Medicaid, state licensing authorities, voluntary accrediting organizations and third-party private payors. Receipt and renewal of such licenses, certifications and accreditations are often based on inspections, surveys, audits, investigations or other reviews, some of which may require affirmative compliance actions by us that could be burdensome and expensive. The applicable standards may change in the future. There can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain all necessary licenses or certifications in good standing or that they will not be required to incur substantial costs in doing so. The failure to maintain all necessary licenses, certifications and accreditations in good standing, or the expenditure of substantial funds to maintain them, could have an adverse effect on our business.

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Health Information Privacy and Security Standards

The privacy and data security regulations under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (“HIPAA”), as amended, contain detailed requirements concerning (1) the use and disclosure of individually identifiable patient health information (“PHI”); (2) computer and data security standards regarding the protection of electronic PHI including storage, utilization, access to and transmission; and (3) notification to individuals and the federal government in the event of a breach of unsecured PHI. HIPAA covered entities and business associates must implement certain administrative, physical, and technical security standards to protect the integrity, confidentiality and availability of certain electronic health information received, maintained, or transmitted. Violations of the HIPAA privacy and security rules may result in civil and criminal penalties, including a tiered system of civil money penalties that range from $100 to $50,000 per violation, with a cap of $1.5 million per year for identical violations. In the event of a breach, a HIPAA covered entity must promptly notify affected individuals of a breach. All breaches must also be reported to the federal government. Where a breach affects more than 500 individuals, additional reporting obligations apply. In addition to federal enforcement, State attorneys general may bring civil actions on behalf of state residents for violations of the HIPAA privacy and security rules, obtain damages on behalf of state residents, and enjoin further violations. Many states also have laws that protect the privacy and security of confidential, personal information, which may be similar to or even more stringent than HIPAA. Some of these state laws may impose fines and penalties on violators and may afford private rights of action to individuals who believe their personal information has been misused. We expect increased federal and state privacy and security enforcement efforts.

Our management carefully considers the importance of compliance with patient privacy and data security regulations when structuring company operations. Our management is aware of and actively works to minimize risk related to patient privacy and data security. That said, we cannot assure that a breach will not occur or that the applicable enforcement authorities will not allege violations of HIPAA’s patient privacy and data security regulations. A breach or an allegation of noncompliance with HIPAA’s patient privacy and data security regulations could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Our operations are subject to the nation’s healthcare laws, as amended, repealed, or replaced from time to time.

The ACA and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 (collectively, the “Health Care Reform Acts”) mandated changes specific to benefits under Medicare. In 2012, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the ACA, including the “individual mandate” provisions of the ACA that generally require all individuals to obtain healthcare insurance or pay a penalty. However, the U.S. Supreme Court also held that the provision of the ACA that authorized the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”) to penalize states that choose not to participate in the expansion of the Medicaid program by removing all of its existing Medicaid funding was unconstitutional. In response to the ruling, a number of state governors opposed its state’s participation in the expanded Medicaid program, which resulted in the ACA not providing coverage to some low-income persons in those states. In addition, several bills have been, and are continuing to be, introduced in U.S. Congress to amend all or significant provisions of the ACA, or repeal and replace the ACA with another law. In December 2017, the individual mandate was repealed via the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. Afterwards, legal and political challenges as to the constitutionality of the remaining provisions of the ACA resumed.

The effect of these laws is subject to numerous variables, including the law’s complexity, lack of complete implementing regulations and interpretive guidance, gradual and potentially delayed implementation or possible amendment, as well as the uncertainty as to the extent to which states will choose to participate in the expanded Medicaid program. The continued implementation of provisions of the ACA, the adoption of new regulations thereunder and ongoing challenges thereto, also added uncertainty about the current state of U.S. healthcare laws and could negatively impact our business, results of operations and financial condition. Healthcare providers could be subject to federal and state investigations and payor audits.

A cyber security incident could cause a violation of HIPAA, breach of customer and patient privacy, or other negative impacts.

We rely extensively on our information technology (or IT) systems to manage scheduling and financial data, communicate with customers and their patients, vendors, and other third parties, and summarize and analyze operating results. In addition, we have made significant investments in technology, including the engagement of a third-party IT provider. A cyber-attack that bypasses our IT security systems could cause an IT security breach, a loss of protected health information, or other data subject to privacy laws, a loss of proprietary business information, or a material disruption of our IT business systems. This in turn could have a material adverse impact on our business and result of operations. In addition, our future results of operations, as well as our reputation, could be adversely impacted by theft, destruction, loss, or misappropriation of public health information, other confidential data, or proprietary business information. Computer malware, viruses, and hacking and phishing attacks by third parties have become more prevalent in our industry and may occur on our systems in the future. Because techniques used to obtain unauthorized access to or sabotage systems change

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frequently and generally are not recognized until successfully launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures.

As cyber-security threats develop and grow, it may be necessary to make significant further investments to protect data and infrastructure. If an actual or perceived breach of our security occurs, (i) we could suffer severe reputational damage adversely affecting customer or investor confidence, (ii) the market perception of the effectiveness of our security measures could be harmed, (iii) we could lose potential sales and existing customers, our ability to deliver our services or operate our business may be impaired, (iv) we may be subject to litigation or regulatory investigations or orders, and (v) we may incur significant liabilities. Our insurance coverage may not be adequate to cover the potentially significant losses that may result from security breaches.

If we fail to comply with applicable laws and regulations, we could suffer penalties or be required to make significant changes to our operations.

The health care industry is heavily regulated, and we are required to comply with extensive and complex laws and regulations at the federal, state and local government levels relating to among other things:

Because of the breadth of these laws and the narrowness of available exceptions and safe harbors, it is possible that some of our business activities could be subject to challenge under one or more of these laws. For example, failure to bill properly for services or return overpayments and violations of other statutes, such as the federal Anti-Kickback Statute or the federal Stark Law, may be the basis for actions under similar state laws. Under HIPAA, criminal penalties may be imposed for healthcare fraud offenses involving not just federal healthcare programs but also private health benefit programs. Enforcement actions under some statutes may be brought by the government as well as by a private person under a qui tam or “whistleblower” lawsuit. Federal enforcement officials have numerous enforcement mechanisms to combat fraud and abuse, including bringing civil actions under the Civil Monetary Penalty Law, which has a lower burden of proof than criminal statutes.

If we fail to comply with applicable laws and regulations, we could suffer civil or criminal penalties, including fines, damages, recoupment of overpayments, loss of licenses needed to operate, and loss of enrollment and approvals necessary to participate in Medicare, Medicaid and other government sponsored and third-party healthcare programs. Federal enforcement officials have the ability to exclude from Medicare and Medicaid any investors, officers and managing employees associated with business entities that have committed healthcare fraud. Many of these laws and regulations have not been fully interpreted by regulatory authorities or the courts, and their provisions are sometimes open to a variety of interpretations. Different interpretations or enforcement of existing or new laws and regulations could subject our current practices to allegations of impropriety or illegality, or require us to make changes in our operations, facilities, equipment, personnel, services, capital expenditure programs or operating expenses to comply with the evolving rules. Any enforcement action against us, even if we successfully defend against it, could cause us to incur significant legal expenses

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and divert our management’s attention from the operation of our business. The laws and regulations governing the provision of healthcare services are frequently subject to change and may change significantly in the future. We cannot assure you that current or future legislative initiatives, government regulation or judicial or regulatory interpretations thereof will not have a material adverse effect on us. We cannot assure you that a review of our business by judicial, regulatory or accreditation authorities will not subject us to fines or penalties, require us to expend significant amounts, reduce the demand for our services or otherwise adversely affect our operations.

Risks Related to Our Debenture

Restrictive covenants in our loan agreements with Centurion Financial Trust may restrict our ability to pursue our business strategies.

The operating and financial restrictions and covenants in our loan agreements with Centurion Financial Trust may adversely affect our ability to finance future operations or capital needs or to engage in other business activities. Such agreements limit our ability, among other things, to:

Additionally, we have agree to financial covenants whereby, beginning with the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2021, we will maintain:

A breach of any of these covenants could result in an event of default under our loan agreements and permits the lender to cease making loans to us, demand immediate payment of all amounts due and payable under the loan agreements and to seek to foreclose on our assets if we can’t make such payments.

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If our operating performance declines, we may be required to obtain waivers from the lender under the loan agreements to avoid defaults thereunder. If we are not able to obtain such waivers, our creditors could exercise their rights upon default.

Our obligations to Centurion Financial Trust are secured by a security interest in substantially all of our assets, if we default on those obligations, the lender could foreclose on our assets.

Our obligations under the loan agreements with Centurion Financial Trust and the related transaction documents are secured by a security interest in substantially all of our (the Company and all its subsidiaries) assets. As a result, if we default on our obligations under such loan agreements, the collateral agent on behalf of the lender could foreclose on the security interests and liquidate some or all of our assets, which would harm our business, financial condition and results of operations and could require us to reduce or cease operations and investors may lose all or part of their investment.

Events of default under the loan agreements include: (a) if default occurs in payment when due of any principal amount payable under the debenture; (b) if default occurs in payment when due of any interest, fees or other amounts payable under the debenture and remains unremedied for a period of five business days after the receipt by the Company of notice of such default; (c) if default occurs in payment or performance of any other obligation (whether arising herein or otherwise) and remains unremedied for a period of sixty days after the receipt by the Company of notice of such default; (d) if default occurs in performance of any other covenant of the Company or any guaranteeing subsidiary (a “Guarantor”) in favor of the lender under the debenture and remains unremedied for a period of sixty days after the receipt by the Company of notice of such default; (e) if an event of default occurs in payment or performance of any obligation in favor of any person from whom the Company or any Guarantor has borrowed in excess of $250,000 which would entitle the holder to accelerate repayment of the borrowed money, and such default is not remedied or waived in writing within sixty days of the occurrence of such default; (f) if the Company or any Guarantor commits an act of bankruptcy or becomes insolvent within the meaning of any bankruptcy or insolvency legislation applicable to it or a petition or other process for the bankruptcy of the Company or any Guarantor is filed or instituted and remains undismissed or unstayed for a period of sixty days or any of the relief sought in such proceeding (including the entry of an order for relief against it or the appointment of a receiver, trustee, custodian or other similar official for it or any substantial part of its property) shall occur; (g) if any act, matter or thing is done toward, or any action or proceeding is launched or taken to terminate the corporate existence of the Company, or any Guarantor, whether by winding‒up, surrender of charter or otherwise; (h) if the Company or any Guarantor ceases to carry on its business or makes or proposes to make any sale of its assets in bulk or any sale of its assets out of the usual course of its business unless expressly permitted herein or otherwise by the lender in writing; (i) if any proposal is made or any petition is filed by or against the Company or any Guarantor under any law having for its purpose the extension of time for payment, composition or compromise of the liabilities of such Company or any Guarantor or other reorganization or arrangement respecting its or any Guarantor’s liabilities or if the Company or any Guarantor gives notice of its intention to make or file any such proposal or petition including an application to any court to stay or suspend any proceedings of creditors pending the making or filing of any such proposal or petition; (j) if any receiver, administrator or manager of the property, assets or undertaking of the Company or any Guarantor or a substantial part thereof is appointed pursuant to the terms of any trust deed, trust indenture, debenture or similar instrument or by or under any judgment or order of any court; (k) if any balance sheet or other financial statement provided by the Company to the lender pursuant to the provisions hereof is false or misleading in any material respect; (l) if any proceedings are taken to enforce any encumbrance affecting any of the secured property or if a distress or any similar process be levied or enforced against any of the secured property; (m) if any judgment or order for the payment of money in excess of $250,000 shall be rendered against the Company or any Guarantor and either (A) enforcement proceedings shall have been commenced by any creditor upon such judgment or order, or (B) there shall be any period of sixty consecutive days during which a stay of enforcement of such judgment or order, by reason of a pending appeal or otherwise, shall not be in effect; (n) if any action is taken or power or right be exercised by any governmental body which would have a material adverse effect; (o) if any representation or warranty made by the Company or any Guarantor herein or in any other instrument to which it is a party or in any certificate, statement or report furnished in connection herewith is found to be false or incorrect in any way so as to make it materially misleading when made or when deemed to have been made; (p) if a change of control occurs with respect to the Company, without the lender’s prior written consent; or (q) if there shall occur or arise any change (or any condition, event or development involving a prospective change) in the business, operations, affairs, assets, liabilities (including any contingent liabilities that may arise through outstanding pending or threatened litigation or otherwise), capitalization, financial condition, licenses, permits, rights or privileges, whether contractual or otherwise, or prospects of the Company or any Guarantor which, in the judgment of the lender, acting reasonably, would have a material adverse effect.

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Risk Related to Our Stock

Our Founder and Director, Preston Parsons, has a controlling interest in Assure.

As of the date of this prospectus, our founder and director, Preston Parsons, directly or indirectly, owns 4,102,848 shares of common stock and 31,250 warrants and options exercisable to acquire 200,000 shares of common stock, which in aggregate totals 4,344,098 shares of common stock (assuming full exercise of his warrants and options) or beneficial ownership of 33.2% of our issued and outstanding shares of common stock. Of the shares of common stock beneficially owned by Mr. Parsons, 660,000 shares were issued under a restricted stock grant agreement and are subject to forfeiture; which shares with an original vest on December 31, 2021 or earlier upon satisfaction of certain conditions, however, the Company is currently renegotiating the vesting terms with Mr. Parsons. Mr. Parsons is our single largest shareholder and a control person for the purposes of Canadian and U.S. securities law. As a result, Mr. Parsons has the ability to influence the outcome of matters submitted to our shareholders for approval, which could include the election and removal of directors, amendments to our corporate governing documents and business combinations. In addition to his ability to influence matters submitted to our shareholders, the concentration of ownership in the hands of a single shareholder may discourage an unsolicited bid for our common stock and this may adversely impact the value and trading price of our common stock. In addition, sales of common stock by Mr. Parsons may adversely affect the trading price of our common stock.

Institutional investors beneficially own more than 5% of our issued and outstanding shares of common stock and may be able to influence the outcome of matters submitted to our shareholders for approval or propose changes that may disrupt our business.

As of the date of this prospectus, certain institutional investors beneficially own more than 5% of our issued and outstanding shares of common stock, including the following Selling Shareholders named in this prospectus Manchester Explorer, L.P., 1,875,000 shares of common stock (assuming exercise of the warrants); Special Situations Fund III QP, L.P., 1,316,269 shares of common stock (assuming exercise of the warrants); Special Situations Cayman Find, L.P., 436,514 shares of common stock (assuming exercise of warrants); Special Situations Life Sciences Fund, L.P., 747,217 shares of common stock (assuming exercise of the warrants); and Special Situations Private Equity Fund, L.P., 625,000 shares of common stock (assuming exercise of the warrants). As a result, these institutional investors have the ability to influence the outcome of matters submitted to our shareholders for approval or may propose changes that may disrupt our business.

The price of our common shares is subject to volatility.

Broad market and industry factors may affect the price of our common shares, regardless of our actual operating performance. Factors unrelated to our performance that may have an effect on the price of our securities include the following: the extent of analytical coverage available to investors concerning our business may be limited if investment banks with research capabilities do not follow our securities; speculation about our business in the press or the investment community; lessening in trading volume and general market interest in our securities may affect an investor’s ability to trade significant numbers of our securities; additions or departures of key personnel; sales of our common shares, including sales by our directors, officers or significant stockholders; announcements by us or our competitors of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships of divestitures; and a substantial decline in the price of our securities that persists for a significant period of time could cause our securities to be delisted from an exchange, further reducing market liquidity. If an active market for our securities does not continue, the liquidity of an investor’s investment may be limited and the price of our securities may decline. If an active market does not exist, investors may lose their entire investment. As a result of these factors, the market price of our securities at any given point in time may not accurately reflect our long-term value. Securities class-action litigation often has been brought against companies in periods of volatility in the market price of their securities and following major corporate transactions or mergers and acquisitions. We may in the future be the target of similar litigation. Securities litigation could result in substantial costs and damages and divert management’s attention and resources.

Our bylaws designate the state and federal courts located in Denver, Colorado as the exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings, which could limit a shareholder’s ability to choose the judicial forum for disputes arising with Assure Holdings Corp.

Our bylaws provides that unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the applicable court of competent jurisdiction shall be the state and federal courts located in Denver, Colorado (the “Colorado Court”), which Colorado Court shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for actions or other proceedings relating to:

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There is uncertainty as to whether a Court will enforce these forum selection clauses. The choice of forum provision may limit a shareholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes, which may discourage such lawsuits. We interpret the forum selection clauses in our bylaws to be limited to the specified actions and not to apply to actions arising under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act. Section 27 of the Exchange Act provides that United States federal courts shall have jurisdiction over all suits and any action brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder and Section 22 of the Securities Act provides that United States federal and state courts shall have concurrent jurisdiction over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the U.S. Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder.

If a court were to find the choice of forum provision contained in our bylaws to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

There is a limited trading market for our common stock.

Our common stock is listed in on the Nasdaq Capital Market and in Canada on the TSX-V. Historically, the trading volume for our common stock has been limited. Accordingly, investors may find it more difficult to buy and sell our shares. These factors may have an adverse impact on the trading and price of our common stock.

Our issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants or options or conversion of convertible notes may depress the price of our common stock.

As of December 24, 2021, Assure had 12,818,866 shares of common stock issued and outstanding, outstanding warrants to purchase 3,940,006 shares of common stock; outstanding options to purchase 1,211,100 shares of common stock; outstanding convertible notes convertible into 1,744,068 shares of common stock; and 100,000 shares to be issued associated with the Neuro-Pro acquisition. The issuance of shares of common stock in connection with convertible securities and obligations could result in substantial dilution to our stockholders, which may have a negative effect on the price of our common stock.

In addition, our articles authorize the issuance of 180,000,000 of shares of common stock. We may issue additional common stock in the future in connection with a future financing or acquisition.

We qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act.

As a result, we are permitted to, and intend to, rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements. For so long as we are an emerging growth company, we will not be required to:

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We will remain an “emerging growth company” until the earliest of (i) the last day of the first fiscal year in which our total annual gross revenues exceed $1.07 billion, (ii) the date that we become a “large accelerated filer” as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, which would occur if the market value of our ordinary shares that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter, (iii) the date on which we have issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt during the preceding three year period or (iv) the last day of the fiscal year in which we celebrate the fifth anniversary of our first sale of registered common equity securities pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Until such time, however, we cannot predict if investors will find our common shares less attractive because we may rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common shares less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common shares and our stock price may be more volatile.

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USE OF PROCEEDS

We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of the shares of our common stock being offered for sale by the selling stockholders.

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MARKET PRICE AND DIVIDENDS

Market Price for our Common Stock

Our common stock has been traded on the TSX-V under the symbol “IOM” since July 2017. Our common stock commenced quotation on the OTCQB under the symbol “ARHH” on February 25, 2019. On September 29, 2021, our common stock ceased trading on the OTCQB and commenced trading on the NASDAQ under the symbol “IONM.”

Holders

As of December 24, 2021 there were approximately 62 stockholders of record. This number does not include an indeterminate number of stockholders whose shares are held by brokers in street name through depositaries, including CDS & Co and CEDE & Co. The holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Holders of our common stock have no preemptive rights and no right to convert their common stock into any other securities. There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to our common stock.

Dividend Policy

We have never paid any cash dividends on our common stock and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. We intend to retain future earnings to fund ongoing operations and future capital requirements of our business. Any future determination to pay cash dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors (the “Board”) and will be dependent upon our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements and such other factors as our Board deems relevant. Our ability to pay cash dividends is subject to limitations imposed by state law.

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OUR BUSINESS

Overview of Our Business

Assure is a best-in-class provider of outsourced intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (“IONM”) and an emerging provider of remote neurology services. The Company delivers a turnkey suite of clinical and operational services to support surgeons and medical facilities during invasive procedures. IONM has been well established as a standard of care and risk mitigation tool for various surgical verticals such as neurosurgery, spine, ear, nose, and throat, cardiovascular, orthopedic and other surgical procures that place the nervous system at risk.

Assure employs highly trained IONM technologists, which provide a direct point of contact in the operating room to relay critical information to the surgical team while Company physicians deliver remote neurology services in support of the surgical team. Assure technologists and physicians monitor the surgical procedure using state of the art, commercially available, diagnostic medical equipment. Accredited by The Joint Commission, Assure’s mission is to provide exceptional surgical care and a positive patient experience.

Assure offers a comprehensive suite of IONM services from scheduling of the Interoperative Neurophysiologist (“INP”) and supervising practitioner, real time monitoring, patient advocacy and subsequent billing for the services. Assure strives to pair a surgeon with a team of Intraoperative Neurophysiologists in order to promote a level of familiarity, comfort and efficiency between the Surgeon and the INP. During each procedure Assure provides two types of services, technical and professional IONM. Our in-house intraoperative neurophysiologists provide technical IONM services during the procedure in the operating room, while the telehealth-oriented professional IONM component is provided by a combination of Company physicians and third- party neurologists/readers. A portion of Assure’s professional IONM services are provided via Managed Service Agreements (“MSAs”) with surgeons or through agreements with Professional Entities (“PEs”). Neurologists/readers provide IONM coverage in a telehealth capacity as a level of redundancy and risk mitigation in support of the onsite technical services. All IONM procedures include both professional services (neurologist) and technical services (intraoperative monitoring). Collectively, support from Assure’s high quality technical and professional IONM services results in decreased hospital and surgeon liability, abbreviated patient stays, fewer readmissions, reduced hospital costs, enhanced overall patient satisfaction and the efficient achievement of better clinical outcomes.

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We primarily engage in the neuromonitoring of neurosurgeries, spinal procedures, ear, nose and throat (“ENT”), orthopedic and cardiovascular surgeries. Assure provides IONM services for approximately 191 surgeons in 127 hospitals and surgery centers (which we refer to as “Procedure Facilities”) located in: Colorado, Texas, Louisiana, Pennsylvania, Michigan, South Carolina, Arizona, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada and Utah. Our continued geographic expansion initiatives, including facility-wide outsourcing agreements with medical facilities and hospital networks, coupled with the surgical vertical expansion efforts, extending the Company’s reach into remote neurology services and selective acquisitions are expected to generate substantial growth opportunities going forward. In the future, it may be necessary for us to raise additional funds for the continuing development of our business plan.

About IONM

According to the American Society of Neurophysiological Monitoring:

Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring has been utilized in attempts to minimize neurological morbidity from operative manipulations. The goal of such monitoring is to identify changes in brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerve function prior to irreversible damage. Intraoperative monitoring also has been effective in localizing anatomical structures, including peripheral nerves and sensorimotor cortex, which helps guide the surgeon during dissection.

Intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring (IONM) is a technique that is directly aimed at reducing the risk of neurological deficits after operations that involve the nervous system. IONM is a technique that has evolved during the last two decades; it makes use of recordings of electrical potentials from the nervous system during surgical operations.

The use of IONM offers a possibility to detect injuries before they become so severe, they cause deficits after the operation. Introduction of IONM has reduced the risk of debilitating deficits such as muscle weakness, paralysis, hearing loss, and other loss of normal body functions. IONM is normally performed by technologists supervised by a physiologist, or a neurologist. Similar techniques as used in IONM are now used in a few kinds of operations for guiding the surgeon in an operation to help obtain the best results.

See, https://www.asnm.org/page/NewIONM

IONM technology helps assess the function of the central and peripheral nervous system during vascular, ear, nose, and throat, orthopedic, cardiac, neurosurgery, interventional radiological procedures, and other general surgeries that places one aspect of the nervous system at risk. The technology provides immediate feedback and warning to surgeons reducing the risk of permanent neurological injuries, helping to improve patient surgical outcomes. IONM employs modalities (tests) such as Somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP), Transcranial evoked potentials (TcMEP), Electroencephalogram (EEG) and Electromyography (EMG) to monitor the function of peripheral nerves, spinal cord and brain. Surgeons widely use SSEP to measure the transmission of sensory information below and above the area of surgery. TcMEP helps measure motor impulses moving from the brain going out to the muscles throughout the body. EMG helps detect the electrical activity produced by the activation of the muscle by the nerve. EEG helps detect defects associated with the electrical activity of the brain. IONM confers possible benefits at many levels including: (i) improved patient care; (ii) reduced patient neurological mortality; (iii) reduced hospital stay and medical costs; and (iv) reduced overall insurance burden.

For IONM, our Intraoperative Neurophysiologist sets up multiple electrodes including needle electrodes on the patient’s hands, wrists, arms, shoulders, ankles, legs, feet and scalp. Peripheral nerves are stimulated with small electrical pulses during surgery and monitoring devices track how the resultant nerve impulses are transmitted through the nerve pathways, in the format of waveforms which appear on the equipment screen. These waveforms are tracked by the intraoperative neurophysiologist and a supervising practitioner. If abnormalities are detected, the surgeon is notified in real-time and can adjust their surgical approach, thus avoiding more serious and permanent nerve damage. IONM offers reduction in surgical risk by providing real time critical information and alerts to surgeons indicating potential harm or compromise to the monitored neural structures. Our INP and supervising remote neurology practitioners communicate their findings to the surgeon allowing repair to the damaged nerve during the procedure which must be completed timely to save the neural structure.

IONM is considered standard of care for surgeries with a high risk of neural injury such spine and brain surgery. Through research that Assure is undertaking, we aim to show IONM should be standard of care on all surgeries that place one or more aspects of the nervous system at risk.

There are several advantages to IONM during surgery: (i) IONM is minimally invasive and cost effective method considered not only to prevent injury during surgeries but also to decrease surgeon liability; (ii) real-time IONM helps improve patient outcome by providing the operative team with actionable information regarding the function of the patients monitored nervous structures; (iii) skilled

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intraoperative neurophysiologists perform IONM that use specialized analog and digital equipment to monitor electrical signals coming from the spinal cord, brain, muscle and cranial or peripheral nerves; (iv) licensed surgeons manage the surgical procedure. If serious or minor complications occur, the monitoring team alerts the surgical team whom can take corrective measures reducing the likely hood of permanent neurological injury.

Although there are numerous practical benefits to patients, as with any medical procedure there are also potential risks and complications. Risks associated with neuromonitoring are minimal especially with reference to the overall surgical procedure as a whole.

Modalities (Clinical Tests) Used in IONM Procedures

Electroencephalography Monitoring (EEG)

EEG monitoring was first used for IONM in the 1960s for the safe performance of carotid endarterectomy (“CEA”). EEG records and tracks brain wave patterns. EEG monitoring helps detect defects associated with the electrical activities of the brain. It also helps monitor cortical structures and evaluates perfusion (blood flow) to the cerebral cortex of the brain. Electrodes are placed on/in the patients scalp and brain wave activity is recorded from these electrodes. Raw EEG activity as well as digital processed EEG, such as compressed spectral array, provide a holistic view of the cortical activity allowing for a full interpretation. EEG is used in many surgical procedures as a monitoring and a mapping tool. It is used to monitor the cerebral activity, allowing the detection of early dysfunction caused by cerebral ischemia. EEG is commonly used for IONM during CEA, this procedure reduces blood flow to the brain. During the CEA, if the reduced blood flow to the brain causes a reduction in the EEG activity, the Interoperative Neurophysiologist alerts the surgeon immediately, allowing the surgeon to modify his/her technique, restore blood flow by placing a shunt and reducing the potential for stroke. The technology guides surgeons regarding the changes in the cerebral blood flow. EEG is also used in intracranial aneurysm repair, intracranial arteriovenous malformations, brain tumor resections and other procedures that place the cerebral cortex of the brain at risk.

Electromyography Monitoring (EMG)

EMG monitoring helps detect electrical potentials produced by muscle cells when these cells are neurologically or electrically activated. EMG helps monitor nerve damage, unnecessary traction, and other impairments of the nerves during cranial nerve, peripheral nerve, and spinal nerve root surgeries. During cranial nerve surgeries, the endings of nerves are electrically stimulated and the response in the neck or facial muscles is recorded. Our intraoperative neurophysiologists constantly record EMG and display the data visually or transmit to a speaker for auditory feedback. Basic EMG techniques include free-running EMG, stimulated EMG, and intraoperative Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS). Free-running EMG detects mechanical irritation of the nerve. It can be passively recorded from the muscles without the electrical stimulation of the nerve. Stimulated EMG is performed by electrically stimulating the nerves and recording the resulting contraction of the innervated muscle. Stimulated EMG is used by the surgeon to help identify neural tissue and map the path of the nerve.

The impulsive activity of the muscles offers valuable data to surgeons about the function of the skeletal motor system and the motor function of the cranial nerves. EMG is used for IONM during spine, cranial and peripheral nerve surgeries.

Evoked Potential Monitoring

Evoked Potential Monitoring is when an external stimulus is applied to a neural structure and the resultant nervous system response is recorded.

Somatosensory Evoked Potential (SSEP)

SSEP monitoring allows for the assessment of the sensory aspects of the nervous system. SSEPs are utilized to monitor the sensory function of peripheral nerves, spinal cord, brainstem and cerebral cortex.

For SSEP monitoring, an electrical stimulation is applied to a peripheral nerve, and the resulting neural activation is recorded along the nerve, spinal cord and finally in the brain. Surgeons use this technology during neurological and orthopedic surgeries to reduce the potential for surgical injury to the sensory systems.

SSEP monitoring is commonly used for neural protection in surgeries associated with: spinal cord, brain, vasculature of the brain/spinal cord and peripheral nerves.

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Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials (BAEP)

BAEP are small electrical voltage potentials generated in response to auditory stimuli recorded from electrodes located on the scalp and depict the functional status of the auditory nerve and auditory pathway in the brainstem. Surgeons use this technology during surgeries for the treatment of acoustic neuromas, brainstem tumors, and other procedures that place the brainstem or blood flow to the brainstem at risk. Successful monitoring of BAEP during an acoustic neuroma allow for hearing preservation.

Transcranial Motor Evoked Potential (TcMEP)

TcMEP monitoring allows for the assessment of the volitional motor pathways of the nervous system. TcMEPs are utilized to monitor the motor aspect of peripheral nerves, spinal cord, and cerebral cortex.

For TcMEP monitoring, electrical stimulation is applied to the cerebral cortex and the resulting neural activation can be recorded from the spinal cord in the form of a neuronal potential (D-wave) and from the peripheral muscles in the form of a muscle potential (CMAP). Surgeons use this technology during neurological and orthopedic surgeries to reduce the potential for surgical injuries associated with motor systems.

TcMEP monitoring is commonly used for neural protection in surgeries associated with spinal cord, brain, vasculature of the brain/spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.

Quality of Care

Over the past 20 years, research has been done within the industry to prove that IONM is not only effective at reducing post-operative neurological deficits but is also cost effective.

In 2007 Sala et al concluded: “Multimodal intraoperative monitoring can only reduce the likelihood of neurological complications during spine and spinal cord surgery. The rate of these complications remains very low. Still, considering the enormous costs of health care and the human suffering related to a severe injury to the spinal cord that results in paraplegia/paraparesis or quadriplegia/quadriparesis, there is enough evidence to prove that costs of performing IOM surely do not exceed those of health care for the injured patients.” (Eur Spine J, 2007 Nov; 16(suppl2):229-231)

In 2010 Ayoub, Zreik et al concluded: “Intraoperative SSEP monitoring, in our surgical population, proved to be a reliable method for preventing postoperative neurological deficit by the early detection of vascular or mechanical compromise, and the immediate alteration of the anesthetic or surgical technique. Moreover, it was found to be cost-effective since our tertiary care center saves a total cost ranging from $64,074 to $102,192 per patient injured per year for an additional expense of $31,546 per year on SSEP monitoring.” (Neurol India, 2010, 58: 424-428)

In 2016 Martinelli et all concluded: “Multimodal intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IOM) during spine surgery was introduced in clinical practice to reduce the risk of permanent neurological deficit post-surgery. The early detection of changes in neurophysiological parameters during surgical procedure, makes it possible to reverse the damage before it becomes permanent. Even if the rate of complications during IOM remains very low (about 1%), the costs of performing IOM surely do not exceed those of health care for the injured patients, so that the economic burden of neurological damage justifies widely the cost of the procedure. Moreover, indirect costs are often underestimated: loss of job, career setbacks of the patient or a family member close to him. One aspect that cannot be measured is the impact of a possible psychological and social permanent deficit, especially when the affection of a specific function limits the chances of social relationship.” (C. Martinelli et al, Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology volume 127, issue 4. April 2016).

Insurance Coverage and IONM

IONM is now recognized and reimbursed by most insurers. Billing codes were adopted for IONM usage in the 1970’s when most IONM equipment could acquire only two or four channels of information. Current technology allows for sixteen to thirty-two channels of data to be monitored concurrently during each procedure.

Billing codes are known as CPT codes, or Current Procedural Terminology codes (“CPT’’) which are medical codes maintained by the American Medical Association that are designed to communicate uniform information about medical services among physicians,

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patients and payors. Actual reimbursement may vary under different modes of insurance applicable in the United States. However, the reimbursement depends on the type of modality/tests used including the services and disposables consumed.

Each IONM modality utilized during IONM is associated with a specific CPT code, there are also two additional codes that help to capture the continuous monitoring that occurs in the operating room as in comparison to a clinical neurodiagnostic procedures. These two codes used to capture the continuous monitoring time are: 95940- continuous IONM in the operating room, with one-on-one attendance, per 15 minutes; 95941- Continuous intraoperative neurophysiology monitoring from outside the operating room (remote or nearby) or for monitoring of more than one case while in the operating room, per hour. The combination of the individual modality CPT codes along with the continuous monitoring codes allows for complete billing of IONM services to private insurance companies. At this time CMS does not recognize the purely technical component of the IONM service, therefore the technical component is billed directly to the facility where the procedure is occurring.

Our Services

Assure offers a turnkey full suite of IONM services from scheduling of the Intraoperative Neurophysiologist and supervising practitioner, real time monitoring and subsequent billing for the services. Assure strives to pair a surgeon with a team of INPs in order to promote a level of familiarity, comfort and efficiency between the surgeon and the INP. Assure core business provides IONM services for approximately 191 surgeons in 127 hospitals and surgery centers (which we refer to as “Procedure Facilities”) located in: Colorado, Texas, Louisiana, Pennsylvania, Michigan, South Carolina, Arizona, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada and Utah.

Prior to the IONM procedure, Assure Neuromonitoring will coordinate with the surgeon’s office to obtain the necessary information and documentation to provide IONM services, such as the patients insurance information, patients demographic information and office/clinic notes. Assure Neuromonitoring provides educational materials to the surgeons office for inclusion in each surgical patient’s pre-operative packets, in order to educate and provide comfort to the patient about IONM services. Prior to the surgery, an Assure Patient Advocate Professional connects with the patient to explain our role during the surgery, the benefits of IONM and billing issues that may affect the patient. Assure’s INP will arrive at the hospital with an IONM unit and disposable supplies and electrodes. The INP will meet with the patient to explain their role during the surgery, discuss the patients pertinent past medical history, explain the risks and benefits associated with IONM and have the patient sign consenting forms for IONM to be utilized on their procedure.

During the surgery, the INP will continuously monitor the functional integrity of the monitored nervous structures by recording, reading and interpreting electrical activity arising from the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, somatosensory or motor nerve systems using the IONM Unit and communicating results in real-time to the surgeon. Following the procedure, assuming the patient has health care insurance under a commercial health care policy, we will invoice the insurance company directly for Interoperative Neurophysiologist services. The invoice provided to the insurance company will detail each modality monitored by the INP for the neural protection of the patient during the procedure. After we have submitted the claim to the private insurance company, our Patient Advocate Professional will contact the patient to further explain the details on the explanation of benefits insurance form and to ensure the patient was satisfied with the level of service provided by us. In the event a patient is uninsured, or has insurance coverage under a government health care policy (Medicare, Medicaid, Tricare or Veterans Administration) the facility where the procedure took place will be billed for the IONM services for the patient, as agreed to in each facility service contract. After we have submitted the claim to the private insurance company, our Patient Advocate Professional will contact the patient to further explain the details on the explanation of benefits and to ensure that the patient was satisfied with the level of service provided by us.

Our current suite of services includes supporting predominately neurosurgeries, spinal surgeries nationally, as well as vascular surgeries and ENT surgeries in a more regional basis. Through organic growth and anticipated business acquisitions, we plan to expand our suite of services to include orthopedic, genitourinary, ENT and vascular surgeries nationally. We plan to expand in additional procedural verticals to further diversify the suite of services it provides to our surgeon and hospital partners. We will also be participating in clinical research opportunities, furthering the field of IONM and standing out as an industry leader.

Assure Interoperative Neurophysiologists

Assure currently employs 80 specialized IONM INPs that are board certified CNIM or board eligible CNIM by ABRET. ABRET seeks to encourage, establish and maintain standards of clinical EEG, Evoked Potential Technology, and Neurophysiologic Intraoperative and long-term monitoring, by offering credentialing exams to evaluate the skills and knowledge of technologists, and by supporting lab accreditation. ABRET is an internationally recognized credentialing and accreditation institution.

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Assure has developed an Intraoperative Neurophysiologist Fellowship program. This Fellowship program will train new INPs from start to board certification, allowing for consistently high caliber well trained professional INPs for placement into emerging and growing markets. Training and developing our own talent pool allow for more flexible scalability.

Hospital Agreements

Assure Neuromonitoring must enter into a contracted services agreement with each Procedure Facility it provides IONM services prior to initiating IONM services. The purpose of these agreements is to ensure that Assure Neuromonitoring provide all of its services in accordance with all regulatory and accreditation standards, including those requirements imposed by the Joint Commission, the CMS and all applicable federal, state and local laws.

Pursuant to these agreements, Assure Neuromonitoring has agreed to provide IONM services and shall ensure the real-time interpretation of such monitoring to patients. During the surgery, the INP will be monitoring the functional integrity of the peripheral or central nervous system by recording, troubleshooting, documenting and communicating activity arising from the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, using the equipment provided by us and relaying all results, in real-time to the supervising surgeon.

Each INP is required to be approved and decreed privileges to practice IONM by each of the contracted facilities. All INP who are performing onsite monitoring must be certified or board eligible from one of the following organizations (i) American Board of Neurophysiologic Monitoring; (ii) American Board of Electrodiagnostic Technologists; or (iii) ABRET.

Our Patients

We service patients across multiple verticals (spine, neurosurgery, orthopedic, cardiovascular, ear, nose, and throat) and geographic areas (majority in Texas and Colorado). Over half our patients commonly have commercial health insurance coverage (“Commercial Payor”) and we are compensated via their health insurance plan. The remainder of our patients, who do not have insurance coverage, compensate us via hospital agreements. Regardless of type of payment and whether the patient has insurance coverage, Assure provides the same high level of service and quality of care. The majority of our Commercial Payors are billed out of network and we negotiate payment for each claim. The remainder of Commercial Payors utilize a contracted rate. The majority of contracted rates are via indirect agreements with third-party organizations or related entities of the Commercial Payor with a smaller portion in direct agreements with contracted rates.

Assure Equipment

Assure Neuromonitoring acquires IONM equipment and enters into equipment purchase loan agreements with lenders to finance the purchase. The terms of the agreements are typically for 60 months and provide a bargain purchase option at the end of the lease to acquire the equipment. The IONM units are manufactured by Cadwell Industries, Inc., a U.S. based medical device company. We purchase our equipment under purchase orders and have no agreements or obligations to purchase IONM equipment from Cadwell Industries, Inc. IONM equipment is also available from other manufacturers.

Operational Subsidiaries

Assure Neuromonitoring LLC (Technical Services)

Assure Neuromonitoring is the operational subsidiary of Assure that works with Surgeons and Facilities to provide the neurophysiological services of IONM. The neurophysiological services include the INP, monitoring equipment and is the entity to maintain the contracted relationships with the facilities.

Assure Networks, LLC (Professional Services)

Assure Networks exist for the purpose of facilitating the performance of the professional component of IONM. Assure Networks, either directly or by and through the Assure Networks subsidiaries ownership interest in entities that either (i) directly perform the professional component through third-party contracted neurologists or oversight reading physicians, or (ii) provide management services for entities owned by licensed physicians.

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In the instances where Assure Networks or the applicable Assure Networks subsidiary owns an interest in the entity performing the professional component of IONM, we structure our ownership to satisfy state law requirements with respect to the corporate practice of medicine.

In the instances where Assure Networks or the applicable Assure Networks subsidiary is unable to own an interest in the entity performing the professional component due to state specific regulations, Assure Networks or the applicable Assure Networks subsidiaries enters into a management services agreement whereby Assure Networks or the applicable Assure Networks subsidiaries agrees to perform management services on behalf of a third-party unrelated entity performing the professional component of IONM and is paid fair market value compensation for such services. The fair market value compensation is based on a third-party fair market value valuation prepared by a professional valuation firm engaged by Assure Networks or the applicable Assure Networks subsidiary.

Privacy

Assure is committed to protecting the privacy of its patients by safeguarding all medical information in compliance with the HIPAA. Assure’s processes are also fully compliant with the Health Information Technology for Economics and Clinical Health Act (Hitech). Assure currently relies on its data security by storing all confidential information including patient information with a third-party company called ShareFile, which is owned and operated by Citrix Systems, Inc. ShareFile has, among other security measures, a third- party validated application and datacenter control from SOC 2 and SSAE 18 audits, bank-level encryption technology, multiple data storage locations around the globe and disaster recovery centers in the United States and Europe. We rely upon these this party Companies and their cloud-based services to ensure all confidential information is safeguarded. Assure’s privacy policy is located on its website at www.assureneuromonitoring.com. The information on our website or filed on SEDAR is not incorporated by reference into this prospectus.

IONM Market in the United States

Overview

Allied Market Research reported that the overall intraoperative neuromonitoring market in the US is expected to post a compound annual growth rate (“CAGR’’) of 6.6% by 2022 and generate $1.94 billion. The outsourced component of the IONM market in the US is expected to post a CAGR of 10.6% and reach $1.07 billion by 2022.

A key factor driving the growth of the market is the increasing number of surgeries for which IONM is required. IONM has been well established as a standard of care as a risk mitigation tool during invasive surgeries such as neurosurgery, spine, ear, nose, and throat, cardiovascular, orthopedic and other surgical procures that place the nervous system at risk. Advances in technology and the growth of the geriatric population in the US are other factors increasing the number of spinal, musculoskeletal, and cardiovascular surgeries, which in turn is expected to drive market growth. Renowned medical institutions such as the Mayo Clinic are advocating greater adoption of IONM including requiring medical professionals to complete comprehensive neurophysiology training courses and hosting international IONM conferences.

Market Landscape

The IONM market is bifurcated into insourced and outsourced monitoring. The end user segment is categorized into hospital and ambulatory surgical centers. IONM finds its application in spinal surgery, neurosurgery, vascular surgery, ENT surgery, orthopedic surgery, and other surgeries related to the central or peripheral nervous system. IONM modalities include motor evoked potential, somatosensory evoked potential, electroencephalography, electromyography, brainstem auditory evoked potential, and visual evoked potential.

There has been a substantial increase in the use of IONM devices by hospitals and ambulatory surgical centers during complex surgeries. Moreover, the market is moving toward outsourced monitoring to provide advanced treatment options for patients suffering from chronic diseases.

With no dominant players in the industry, the intraoperative neuromonitoring market in the US is highly fragmented. Providers can generally be categorized into three groups: 1) Intraoperative neuromonitoring composed of hundreds of local and regional providers, including Assure, Medsurant, and Power Health 2) In-sourced providers such as hospitals and 3) Bundled product companies offering neuromonitoring as part of a broader suite of services including Specialty Care and NuVasive. These bundled product companies are

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believed to be the largest IONM providers in the US, although each is estimated to individually comprise less than 10% of the overall US IONM market.

Market Size and Forecast

The combined US outsourced and insourced IONM market generated $1.24 billion in 2015 and is projected to reach $1.94 billion by 2022, growing at a CAGR of 6.6% from 2016 to 2022.

Market Segmentation by Application

During December 2020, market breakdown as relating to the current IONM utilization by procedure classification were approximately:

Surgical neurophysiology keeps on progressing, with the improvement of new applications such as brainstem mapping, spinal cord mapping, and proving the utilization of IONM in surgeries where the nervous system is not at primary risk but a secondary risk of the surgery (such as reducing post-operative deficits caused by malposition).

IONM utilization is also highly regional, with the eastern portions of the United States having higher utilization of IONM as compared to the central and western portions of the country, especially for orthopedic and vascular surgery verticals. This regional nature is partly to do with the regional medico-legal issues but also the training of the surgeons. If surgeons train with effective IONM they are more likely to continue to use it in their practice in comparison to surgeons who either were not exposed to IONM or who were exposed to ineffective IONM. Assure currently capitalizes on a key relationship in supporting and working with a neurosurgery residency program.

There are large opportunities that Assure is working to capitalize on with respect to growing the use of IONM monitoring in the underutilized verticals. Assure aims to capture this market by investing in research, correlating improved outcomes in procedures that are not traditionally monitored or where IONM is underutilized. There are also many surgical disciplines that have not been explored with respect to if IONM could be function saving to the patient.

Drivers of the IONM Market

The US IONM market is expected to expand, driven by growth in procedures related to an aging population, increase in prevalence of chronic disorders, adoption of IONM in new surgeries, and increased interest in risk mitigation.

High volume of surgeries

Physicians use IONM during many surgeries. IONM is vital in obtaining real-time status of the nervous system. An increase in the volume of neurosurgeries, spinal surgeries, and orthopedic surgeries has fueled the demand for IONM services.

Advances in technology

With the improvement in healthcare facilities and advances in technology, vendors are developing innovative and efficient IONM devices. Companies such as Medtronic, Cadwell and Natus Medical extensively invest in R&D to develop advanced IONM devices.

Service providers such as SpecialtyCare, Neuro Alert, and IntraNerve Neuroscience offer advanced IONM services for various surgeries including neurosurgeries and ENT, cardiovascular, orthopedic, and spinal surgeries. These companies provide IONM devices such as EEG systems for real time monitoring of the nervous system. Advanced IONM devices help physicians to monitor and record complex patterns of neural activities.

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Focus on patient safety

Surgeons use IONM as an additional line of safety during surgeries. IONM systems are used to monitor the nervous system and alert the surgeons prior to the threshold for injury. The IONM systems play a vital role during critical surgeries such as spinal surgeries that involve the insertion of instruments near the nerves or the spinal area and may cause damage to the nervous system. IONM also helps surgeons avoid or minimize common complications such as paraparesis, quadriplegia, and paraplegia that occur during surgeries.

Some of the reasons for the rising popularity of IONM are:

Cost savings: High quality IONM support results in decreased hospital and surgeon liability, abbreviated patient stays, fewer readmissions, reduced hospital costs, elevated overall patient satisfaction and the efficient achievement of better outcomes.

Market Challenges

Cost of surgery with IONM

The cost of surgeries with IONM is more than those without IONM. Surgeries with IONM involve the expenses on IONM devices, intraoperative neurophysiologists, supervising practitioners, and disposable materials. The cost of surgeries restricts the adoption of IONM. Though IONM systems play a crucial role in invasive surgeries such as spinal, neurological and cardiovascular surgeries, it has not been proven to be a cost effective therapy in all procedures.

Limited interoperative neurophysiologists

Though the number of surgeries that need IONM is increasing rapidly in the US, only a limited number of interoperative neurophysiologists with expertise in IONM are available. Industry studies estimate that approximately 6,000 board certified interoperative neurophysiologists are currently working in the United States. Interoperative neurophysiologists with high levels of expertise are required to effectively use IONM devices to record data and diagnose patient alerts. There is also the risk of false recordings due to physiological artifacts arising from other sites. Only highly skilled interoperative neurophysiologists can perform IONM in hospitals, surgical centers, and neurophysiological laboratories and provide the greatest levels of service to the surgeons they support.

Competitive Environment

The market in the United States is highly fragmented, with the presence of national and local players. Large companies such as Specialty Care, and NuVasive occupy the market along with medium- and small-sized vendors such as Accurate Neuromonitoring, Axis Neuromonitoring and Neuromonitoring Associates.

Service providers including Assure collaborate with doctors and medical facilities to offer IONM service support and solutions.

Complications of IONM

Though the popularity of IONM is growing rapidly, there still risks and complications associated with IONM, as there is for any medical procedure.

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Market Trends

Increase in acquisitions

Companies undergo acquisitions to expand their geographical presence, multiply their product portfolio, and attain economies of scale. For these reasons, there is expectation that the IONM industry may see increased consolidation via acquisitions. Industry consolidation will contribute to the standardization of patient care and could increase profit margins for companies in the space.

Accreditation

In 2019, Assure earned The Joint Commission’s Surgical Ambulatory Health Care Accreditation. Only the premier providers of IONM companies have achieved this nationally recognized quality indicator. It is expected that more will aspire to achieve this designation by demonstrating continuous compliance with the performance standards of The Joint Commission.

Marketing Plans and Strategies

Assure plans to continue to execute its strategic sales growth strategy using organic growth, channel platform, hospital outreach, and mergers & acquisitions.

Since its establishment in August 2015, Assure has focused primarily on organic growth. Assure Neuromonitoring introduced its platform to multiple clients across eight US states and plans to continue to leverage its success by establishing new client relationships elsewhere in the United States as opportunities arise.

In addition to organic growth, Assure is also employing a channel sales strategy model whereas it will grow through marketing and partnering directly with medical device distributors that have an existing relationships with surgeon targets. Assure will compensate these distributors with a fee for driving more business onto our platform.

Assure will market directly to hospitals and ambulatory surgery centers interested in outsourcing their IONM services.

Assure also plans to expand through acquisitions and collaborative partnerships in the current economic environment. We intend to capitalize on the marketing being fragmented and many competitors lacking RCM experience, diversification of service offerings and operating efficiencies.

Marketing Strategy

Our primary marketing strategy compliments the three growth strategies to drive more volume into the business. Our intent is to facilitate direct meetings with prospective partners and clients in strategic states that can benefit from Assure’s offering. Targeted marketing campaigns are ongoing or planned for stakeholder groups including surgeons and medical device distributors as well as for hospitals seeking to outsource their IONM service needs facility wide.

Seasonality

The surgical segment of the healthcare industry tends to be impacted by seasonality due to the nature of most benefit plans resetting on a calendar year basis. As patients utilize and reduce their remaining deductible throughout the year, we typically see an increase in

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volume throughout the year with the biggest impact coming in the fourth quarter. Historically, our annual revenues are overweighted in the fourth quarter.

Corporate Structure

Assure Holdings Corp:

Assure Holding Corp., formerly Montreux Capital Corp, a Canadian Capital Pool Company (“Montreux”), formed under the British Columbia Business Corporations Act in British Columbia, Canada on September 24, 2007, is a Nevada corporation, existing under the laws of the State of Nevada pursuant to its Articles of Domestication filed with the Nevada Secretary of State on May 15, 2017. Assure Holdings Corp. and its subsidiaries core business is to provide physicians with a comprehensive suite of services for Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring. A Canadian Capital Pool Company is a special purpose acquisition company organized for the purposes of completing acquisition transactions, known as “qualifying transactions,” with operating companies for the purposes of taking the operating companies public in Canada. Qualifying transactions are subject to Canadian securities laws and exchange listing requirements.

Assure Holdings, Inc:

Our direct subsidiary is Assure Holdings, Inc., a Colorado corporation, formed under the laws of the State of Colorado on November 7, 2016. Assure Holdings, Inc. became a wholly owned subsidiary of Assure Holdings Corp on May 15, 2017 when Assure Holdings Inc. and its shareholders and Montreux, and its shareholders, entered into a Share Exchange Agreement pursuant to which the shareholders of Assure Holdings Inc. received shares of Montreux as consideration for their assignment of their shares in Assure Holdings, Inc. to Montreux in the “Qualifying Transaction” under the rules of the TSX Venture Exchange (“TSX-V”). One of the primary objectives of the Qualifying Transactions was to facilitate our going public and listing on the TSX-V. Concurrent with the closing of the Qualifying Transaction, 1,278,412 subscription receipts issued by Assure Holding, Inc. at a purchase price of Cdn$2.50 per subscription receipt, for gross proceeds of Cdn$3,196,030, were automatically converted into 1,278,412 shares of common stock of Montreux.

Assure Holdings, Inc. is the sole member of Assure Neuromonitoring, LLC (“Assure Neuromonitoring”), a Colorado limited liability company formed under the laws of the state of Colorado on August 25, 2015. Prior to the Qualifying Transaction, Preston Parsons owned a controlling ownership interest in Assure Neuromonitoring. Upon closing of the Qualifying Transaction, Preston Parsons was appointed as a member of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer and held a controlling interest in Assure Holdings Corp. On May 15, 2018, Mr. Parsons resigned as Chief Executive Officer and was appointed as Founder. Mr. Parsons continues to serve as a member of the Board of Directors of Assure Holdings Corp. and is employed by the entity to focus on growth initiatives. Assure Neuromonitoring became a wholly owned subsidiary of Assure Holdings, Inc. on November 7, 2016, when its members assigned their interest in Assure Neuromonitoring to Assure Holdings, Inc. for shares of Assure Holdings, Inc.

Assure Holdings, Inc. is the sole member of Assure Networks, LLC (“Assure Networks”), a Colorado limited liability company formed under the laws of the state of Colorado on November 2, 2016. Prior to the Reorganization and Qualifying Transaction, Preston Parsons owned a controlling ownership interest in Assure Networks. Assure Networks became a wholly owned subsidiary of Assure Holdings, Inc. on November 7, 2016, when its members assigned their interest in Assure Networks to Assure Holdings, Inc. for shares of Assure Holdings, Inc.

Assure Holdings, Inc. is the sole member of Assure Equipment Leasing, LLC (“Assure Equipment Leasing”), a Colorado limited liability company formed under the laws of the state of Colorado on April 20, 2020.

Assure Neuromonitoring:

Assure Neuromonitoring exists for the purpose of facilitating the performance of the technical component of IONM (the “Technical Component”). Assure Neuromonitoring, either directly or by and through the Assure Neuromonitoring subsidiaries, employs interoperative neurophysiologists who utilize technical equipment and technical training to monitor EEG and EMG and a number of complex modalities during surgical procedures and to pre-emptively notify the underlying surgeon of any nerve related issues that are identified. The neurophysiologists perform their services in the operating room during the surgeries. The neurophysiologists are certified by a third-party credentialing agency.

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Assure Networks:

Assure Networks exist for the purpose of facilitating the performance of the professional component of IONM (the “Professional Component”). Assure Networks, either directly or by and through the Assure Networks subsidiaries, owns interest in entities that either (i) directly perform the Professional Component through third-party contracted neurologists or oversight reading physicians, or (ii) provide management services for entities owned by licensed physicians.

Ownership Model:

In the instances where Assure Networks, or the applicable subsidiaries, own an interest in the entity performing the Professional Component, such structure is based on a legal analysis that is completed by a third-party law firm to determine the specific state law requirements with respect to the corporate practice of medicine. Once Assure Networks or the applicable Assure Networks Subsidiaries obtains a legal option regarding the recommended legal structure, the applicable entity is established.

Management Services Model:

In the instances where Assure Networks or the applicable Assure Networks Subsidiaries is unable to own an interest in the entity performing the professional component due to state specific regulations, Assure Networks or the applicable Assure Networks Subsidiaries enters into a management services agreement whereby Assure Networks or the applicable Assure Networks Subsidiaries agrees to perform management services on behalf of a third-party unrelated entity performing the Professional Component and is paid fair market value compensation for such services. The fair market value compensation is based on a third-party fair market value valuation prepared by a professional valuation firm engaged by Assure Networks or the applicable Assure Networks Subsidiary.

Assure Networks Texas Holdings, LLC:

Assure Networks Texas Holdings, LLC (“Assure Networks Texas Holdings”) is a Texas limited liability company, formed under the laws of the State of Texas on November 12, 2019. On October 31, 2019, Assure Networks Texas Holdings, a wholly owned subsidiary of Assure Networks, acquired all of the assets of Neuro-Pro Series, LLC, Neuro-Pro Mgmt., LLC, Neuro-Pro Monitoring, LLC, MONRV, PLLC, NPJC, LLC, MONRVortho, PLLC, NPJCorto LLC and PRONRV, LLC (collectively, the “Neuro-Pro Asset Purchase”). The Neuro-Pro Asset Purchase increased the number of cases for both the Technical Component and the Professional Component and expanded the presence for Assure Neuromonitoring, the Assure Neuromonitoring Subsidiaries, Assure Networks and the Assure Networks Subsidiaries in the State of Texas.

Capital Raising Transactions

We have financed our cash requirements primarily from revenues generated from its services, by utilizing a bank promissory note and line of credit, a loan under the Paycheck Protection Program, from the issuances of convertible debentures, and from the sale of common stock.

Convertible Debt Financings

On November 22, 2019, we launched a non-brokered private placement of convertible debenture units. Each convertible debenture unit was offered at a price of $1,000 and consisted of one convertible debenture with a face value of $1,000, convertible into common stock at a conversion price of $7.00 per share for a period of four years, and 71 common share purchase warrants, each warrant exercisable by the holder to acquire one share of common stock at a price of $9.50 per share for a period of three years. The convertible debenture units carry a 9% annual coupon rate.

On December 13, 2019, we closed on the first tranche for gross proceeds of $965,000. In connection with the closing, we issued convertible debentures with a face value of $965,000 and 68,901 share purchase warrants. We paid finders a fee of $67,550 and 9,650 warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at a price of $7.00 per share for three years.

From January 2020 to April 2020, we closed on three separate tranches for total proceeds of $1,665,000. In connection with the closings, we issued convertible debentures with a face value of $1,665,000 and 118,167 share purchase warrants. We paid finders a fee of $78,820 and 11,260 warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at a price of $7.00 per share for three years.

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At the end of April 2020, we launched a separate non-brokered private placement of convertible debenture units. Each convertible debenture unit consisted of one convertible debenture with a face value of $1,000, convertible into shares of common stock at a conversion price of $3.35 for a period of four years and 200 common share purchase warrants exercisable by the holder to purchase shares of common stock at a price of $5.00 per share for a period of three years. The convertible debenture carries a 9% annual coupon rate. On May 21, 2020, we closed the offering for proceeds of $830,000 and issued convertible debentures with a face value of $830,000 and 166,000 share purchase warrants. We paid finders a fee of $23,100 and 6,895 warrants exercisable to purchase shares of common stock at a price of $5.00 per share for four years.

The net proceeds from these tranches of the Offering are being utilized for working capital purposes.

Bank Loan Facility

Commencing in 2018, the Company utilized a line of credit provided by its bank to fund its operations. The line of credit provided up to $1,000,000 of borrowings and bore interest at the one-month London Inter-bank Offered Rate (LIBOR) rate plus 3.5% and was originally expected to mature on March 25, 2019.

During January 2019, the Company cancelled its existing line of credit and entered into a $2,000,000 promissory note and a $1,000,000 line of credit with its existing bank. The promissory note bore interest at 6% and required monthly principal and interest payment of $61,000 through maturity in January 2022. During March 2020, the Company amended the line of credit to extend the maturity date from March 2020 to September 2020. The Company made monthly payments of $167,000 from April 2020 through September 2020. The line of credit bore interest at an index rate that fluctuates with the one-month LIBOR rate plus 3.5%. The line of credit was secured by all the Company’s assets.

In August 12, 2020, the Company entered into a new $4,000,000 term loan and a $2,500,000 operating line of credit (together, the “Loan Facility”) with Central Bank & Trust, a part of Farmers & Stockmens Bank (“Central Bank”). Under the conditions of the agreement governing the Loan Facility, the Term Loan bears interest at the Wall Street Journal prime rate (“WSJ”) plus 2.0% and matures on August 12, 2024. Commencing on August 1, 2021, principal payments in the amount of $308,000, together with interest, shall be made quarterly on the Term Loan until maturity. In addition, the operating line bears interest at a rate of WSJ plus 2.0% and matures on August 12, 2022. Commencing on September 1, 2020 and continuing on the first calendar day of each month until maturity, interest on the Operating Line is due. Assure did not issue any shares, warrants, or options in connection with this transaction. The Loan Facility is secured by a first-ranking security interest in all of the present and future undertakings, property and assets of Assure Holdings Corp. and its subsidiaries.

A portion of the proceeds of the loan facility were used to pay off the existing outstanding bank indebtedness and the remaining indebtedness related to an acquisition and to fund working capital.

On September 10, 2020, Central Bank advised the Company additional reserves recorded by us against its accounts receivable constituted a material adverse change in our assets, which thereby triggered an event of default under the loan agreement. We and Central Bank have entered a forbearance agreement and have renegotiated the terms of the Loan Agreement. Under the terms of our renegotiation, we received a commitment letter to increase our operating line to $4.5 million and to repay approximately $2 million under our term loan. During June 2021, these loans were repaid with proceeds from the credit facility discussed below. As a result, the agreements with Central Bank were terminated.

On June 10, 2021, Assure entered into a definitive agreement with Centurion Financial Trust, an investment trust formed by Centurion Asset Management Inc. in respect of an $11,000,000 credit facility comprised of a $6,000,000 senior term loan (the “Senior Term Loan”), a $2,000,000 senior revolving loan (the “Senior Revolving Loan”) and a $3,000,000 senior term acquisition line (the “Senior Term Acquisition Line” and together with the Senior Term Loan and the Senior Revolving Loan.

On November 24, 2021, the agreement with Centurion was amended enabling the Company to access the second tranche of the Senior Term Loan in the amount of $3,000,000, which was previously reserved solely for funding acquisition transactions, to fund organic growth and for general working capital purposes. The second tranche of the Senior Term Loan was previously reserved solely for funding acquisition transactions.

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SBA Paycheck Protection Program

During April 2020, the Company received an unsecured loan under the United States Small Business Administration (“SBA”) Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) pursuant to the recently adopted Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “PPP Loan”) in the amount of $1,211,000. The two-year, SBA-administered PPP loan has an interest rate of 1.0% per annum, with principal and interest payments due on the first day of each month, with payments commencing on December 1, 2020. All or a portion of the PPP Loan may be forgiven if the Company maintains its employment and compensation within certain parameters following the loan origination date and the proceeds of the PPP Loan are spent on payroll costs, rent or lease agreements dated before February 15, 2020 and utility payments arising under service agreements dated before February 15, 2020. On November 20, 2020, the PPP Loan was fully discharged and forgiven.

July 2020 Private Placement

On July 13, 2020, we issued 25,185 shares of common stock to two investors at $4.05 per share for gross proceeds of $120,000. The proceeds were used for general and administrative expense. The private placement was to two accredited investors and included the issuance of 12,592 warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock at a price of $4.05 per share.

December 2020 Private Placement

On December 1, 2020, we entered into a securities purchase agreement with the selling stockholders, pursuant to which we sold and issued to the investors an aggregate of 3,271,541 units of the Company at an issue price of $3.20 per Unit, for gross proceeds of $10,468,930. Each unit consisted of one share of common stock and one common stock warrant, each exercisable to acquire one share of common stock at $3.90 per share for a period of five years from the date of issuance. Accordingly, we issued the Investors 3,271,541 shares of common stock and 3,271,541 common stock warrants. Pursuant to the securities purchase agreement, we entered into a registration rights agreement, requiring us to register the shares of common stock issued under the units and the shares of common stock acquirable upon exercise of the warrants for resale under the Securities Act. See, “Description of Private Placement” for further details.

SBA Paycheck Protection Program - March 2021

During March 2021, the Company received an unsecured loan under the United States Small Business Administration Paycheck Protection Program in the amount of $1,664,770. Assure executed a PPP promissory note, which matures on February 25, 2026. The PPP Loan carries an interest rate of 1.0% per annum, with principal and interest payments due on the first day of each month, with payments commencing on the earlier of: (i) the day the amount of loan forgiveness granted to Assure is remitted by the SBA to the Bank of Oklahoma; and (ii) ten (10) months after the end of the twenty-four (24) week period following the grant of the Loan. All or a portion of the Loan may be forgiven if the Company maintains its employment and compensation within certain parameters during the twenty-four (24) week period following the loan origination date and the proceeds of the Loan are spent on payroll costs, rent or lease agreements dated before February 15, 2020 and utility payments arising under service agreements dated before February 15, 2020.

November 2021 Private Placement

On November 15, 2021, Assure closed a brokered private placement whereby the Company issued approximately 900,000 shares generating gross proceeds of $4.75 million at an issue price of US$5.25 per share. There were no warrants issued in connection with the Offering.

Assure management and the board of directors participated in a subsequent private placement on November 30, 2021, for aggregate gross proceeds of $435,000, purchasing 70,300 shares at an issue price of US$6.19 per share

The net proceeds of the offerings are expected to be used to service the previously announced system-wide contract with Premier, Inc., expand our high-margin remote neurology services platform, extend our operational footprint into new states and continue to build infrastructure that supports the Company’s growth initiatives and for general working capital purposes.

Government Regulation

We are subject to numerous federal, state and local laws, rules and regulations. Government regulation affects our business by controlling our growth, requiring licensure and certification for our facilities and the physicians and other healthcare personnel who provide services in our facilities and regulating the use of our properties.

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Licensure and Accreditation.

The healthcare facilities and our partner professionals are subject to professional and private licensing, certification and accreditation requirements. These include, but are not limited to, requirements imposed by Medicare, Medicaid, state licensing authorities, voluntary accrediting organizations and third-party private payors. Receipt and renewal of such licenses, certifications and accreditations are often based on inspections, surveys, audits, investigations or other reviews, some of which may require affirmative compliance actions by us that could be burdensome and expensive. The applicable standards may change in the future. There can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain all necessary licenses or certifications in good standing or that they will not be required to incur substantial costs in doing so. The failure to maintain all necessary licenses, certifications and accreditations in good standing, or the expenditure of substantial funds to maintain them, could have an adverse effect on our business.

Anti-Kickback Statutes.

The federal Anti-Kickback Statute prohibits the knowing and willful offer, payment, solicitation or receipt of any form of remuneration to induce the referral of a patient or the purchase, lease or order (or the arranging for or recommending of the purchase, lease or order) of healthcare items or services paid for by federal healthcare programs, including Medicare or Medicaid. A violation does not require proof that a person had actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate the statute, and court decisions under the Anti-Kickback Statute have consistently held that the law is violated where one purpose of a payment is to induce or reward referrals. Violation of the federal anti-kickback statute could result in felony conviction, administrative penalties, liability (including penalties) under the False Claims Act and/or exclusion from federal healthcare programs.

A number of states have enacted anti-kickback laws (including so-called “fee splitting” laws) that sometimes apply not only to state-sponsored healthcare programs but also to items or services that are paid for by private insurance and self-pay patients. State anti-kickback laws can vary considerably in their applicability and scope and sometimes have fewer statutory and regulatory exceptions than does the federal law.

Our management carefully considers the importance of anti-kickback laws when structuring company operations. That said, we cannot assure that the applicable regulatory authorities will not determine that some of our arrangements with physicians violate the Anti-Kickback Statute or other applicable laws. An adverse determination could subject us to different liabilities, including criminal penalties, civil monetary penalties and exclusion from participation in Medicare, Medicaid or other health care programs, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Physician Self-Referral (“Stark”) Laws.

The federal Stark Law, 42 U.S.C. 1395nn, also known as the physician self-referral law, generally prohibits a physician from referring Medicare and Medicaid patients to an entity (including hospitals) providing “designated health services,” if the physician has a “financial relationship” with the entity, unless an exception applies. Designated health services include, among other services, inpatient hospital services, outpatient prescription drug services, clinical laboratory services, certain diagnostic imaging services, and other services that our affiliated physicians may order for their patients. The prohibition applies regardless of the reasons for the financial relationship, unless an exception applies. The exceptions to the federal Stark Law are numerous and often complex. The penalties for violating the Stark Law include civil penalties of up to $15,000 for each violation and potential liability (including penalties) under the False Claims Act.

Some states have enacted statutes and regulations concerning physician self-referrals (i.e., referrals by physicians to health care entities with whom the physician has a financial relationship). Such physician self-referrals laws may apply to the referral of patients regardless of payor source and/or type of health care service. These state laws may contain statutory and regulatory exceptions that are different from those of the federal law and that may vary from state to state.

Our management carefully considers the importance of physician self-referral laws when structuring company operations. That said, we cannot assure that the applicable regulatory authorities will not determine that some of our arrangements with physicians violate the Federal Stark Law or other applicable laws. An adverse determination could subject us to different liabilities, including criminal penalties, civil monetary penalties and exclusion from participation in Medicare, Medicaid or other health care programs, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

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False Claims Act

The federal False Claims Act, 31 U.S.C. § 3729, imposes civil penalties for knowingly submitting or causing the submission of a false or fraudulent claim for payment from a government-sponsored program, such as Medicare and Medicaid. Violations of the False Claims Act present civil liability of treble damages plus a penalty of at least $11,181 per false claim. The False Claims Act has “whistleblower” or “qui tam” provisions that allow individuals to commence a civil action in the name of the government, and the whistleblower is entitled to share in any subsequent recovery (plus attorney’s fees). Many states also have enacted civil statutes that largely mirror the federal False Claims Act, but allow states to impose penalties in a state court.

The False Claims Act has been used by the federal government and private whistleblowers to bring enforcement actions under so-called “fraud and abuse” laws like the federal Anti-Kickback Statute and the Stark Law. Such actions are not based on a contention that claims for payment were factually false or inaccurate. Instead, such actions are based on the theory that accurate claims are deemed to be false/fraudulent if there has been noncompliance with some other material law or regulation. The existence of the False Claims Act, under which so-called qui tam plaintiffs can allege liability for a wide range of regulatory noncompliance, increases the potential for such actions to be brought and has increased the potential financial exposure for such actions. These actions are costly and time-consuming to defend.

Our management carefully considers the importance of compliance with all applicable laws and when structuring company operations. Our management is aware of and actively works to minimize risk related to potential qui tam plaintiffs. That said, we cannot assure that the applicable enforcement authorities or qui tam plaintiffs will not allege violations of the False Claims Act or analogous state false claims laws. A finding of liability under the False Claims Act could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Health Information Privacy and Security Standards.

The privacy regulations Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (“HIPAA”), as amended, contain detailed requirements concerning (1) the use and disclosure of individually identifiable patient health information (“PHI”) by entities like our affiliated medical groups; (2) computer and data security standards regarding the protection of electronic PHI including storage, utilization, access to and transmission; and (3) notification to individuals and the federal government in the event of a breach of unsecured PHI. HIPAA covered entities must implement certain administrative, physical, and technical security standards to protect the integrity, confidentiality and availability of certain electronic health information received, maintained, or transmitted. Violations of the HIPAA privacy and security rules may result in civil and criminal penalties, including a tiered system of civil money penalties that range from $100 to $50,000 per violation, with a cap of $1.5 million per year for identical violations. A HIPAA covered entity must also promptly notify affected individuals of a breach. All breaches must also be reported to the federal government. Where a breach affects more than 500 individuals, additional reporting obligations apply. In addition to federal enforcement, State attorneys general may bring civil actions on behalf of state residents for violations of the HIPAA privacy and security rules, obtain damages on behalf of state residents, and enjoin further violations. Many states also have laws that protect the privacy and security of confidential, personal information, which may be similar to or even more stringent than HIPAA. Some of these state laws may impose fines and penalties on violators and may afford private rights of action to individuals who believe their personal information has been misused. We expect increased federal and state privacy and security enforcement efforts.

Our management carefully considers the importance of compliance will patient privacy and data security regulations when structuring company operations. Our management is aware of and actively works to minimize risk related to patient privacy and data security. That said, we cannot assure that a breach will not occur or that the applicable enforcement authorities will not allege violations of HIPAA’s patient privacy and data security regulations. A breach or an allegation of noncompliance with HIPAA’s patient privacy and data security regulations could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Environmental and Occupational Safety and Health Administration Regulations.

We are subject to federal, state and local regulations governing the storage, use and disposal of waste materials and products. Although we believe that our safety procedures for storing, handling and disposing of these materials and products comply with the standards prescribed by law and regulation, we cannot eliminate the risk of accidental contamination or injury from those hazardous materials. In the event of an accident, we could be held liable for any damages that result and any liability could exceed the limits or fall outside the coverage of our insurance coverage, which we may not be able to maintain on acceptable terms, or at all. We could incur significant costs and attention of our management could be diverted to comply with current or future environmental laws and regulations. Federal regulations promulgated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration impose additional requirements on us, including those

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protecting employees from exposure to elements such as blood-borne pathogens. We cannot predict the frequency of compliance, monitoring, or enforcement actions to which we may be subject as those regulations are being implemented, which could adversely affect our operations.

Other Federal and State Healthcare Laws.

We are also subject to other federal and state healthcare laws that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. The Health Care Fraud Statute, 18 U.S.C. § 1347, prohibits any person from knowingly and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program, which can be either a government or private payor plan. Violation of this statute, even in the absence of actual knowledge of or specific intent to violate the statute, may be charged as a felony offense and may result in fines, imprisonment, or both. The Health Care False Statement Statute, 18 U.S.C. § 1035, prohibits, in any matter involving a federal health care program, anyone from knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up, by any trick, scheme or device, a material fact, or making any materially false, fictitious or fraudulent statement or representation, or making or using any materially false writing or document knowing that it contains a materially false or fraudulent statement. A violation of this statute may be charged as a felony offense and may result in fines, imprisonment or both. Under the Civil Monetary Penalties Law, a person (including an organization) is prohibited from knowingly presenting or causing to be presented to any United States officer, employee, agent, or department, or any state agency, a claim for payment for medical or other items or services where the person knows or should know (a) the items or services were not provided as described in the coding of the claim, (b) the claim is a false or fraudulent claim, (c) the claim is for a service furnished by an unlicensed physician, (d) the claim is for medical or other items or service furnished by a person or an entity that is in a period of exclusion from the program, or (e) the items or services are medically unnecessary items or services. Violations of the law may result in penalties of up to $10,000 per claim, treble damages, and exclusion from federal healthcare programs. The Civil Monetary Penalties Law also prohibits a person from transferring any remuneration to a Medicare or Medicaid beneficiary that the person knows or should know is likely to influence the beneficiary’s selection of a particular provider of Medicare or Medicaid payable items or services.

States have a wide variety of health care laws and regulations that potentially affect our operations and the operations of our partners. Many states have implemented laws and regulations related to so-called “tele-health,” which govern the use of technology to provide health care services, including allowing patients and providers to be in different geographic locations. Tele-health laws may apply to our operations, and the obligations they impose, vary wildly and are in a state of flux. Some states have so-called corporate practice of medicine prohibitions, which govern how physicians are organized to practice medicine (including corporate structure, employment and management). Such prohibitions are used to indirectly regulate ownership of heath care companies and/or management companies and the obligations they impose vary. Some states have “surprise billing” or out-of-network billing laws that impose a variety of obligations on health care providers and health plans. The failure to comply with all state regulatory obligations could be used by health plans to deny payment or to recoup funds, and any noncompliance could subject us to penalties or limitations that could have an adverse effect on our business. The obligations under “surprise billing” laws vary wildly, and many states are actively considering additional legislation and/or regulation in this area creating a state of flux in the law.

Many states have adopted a form of anti-kickback law, self-referral prohibition, and false claims and insurance fraud prohibition. The scope of these laws and the interpretations of them vary from state to state and are enforced by state courts and regulatory authorities, each with broad discretion. Generally, state laws reach to all healthcare services and not just those covered under a governmental healthcare program. From time to time, private health plans attempt to use such laws as a basis to deny claims or recoup payments previously made to health care providers.

A determination of liability under any of the laws above could result in fines and penalties and restrictions on our ability to operate in these states. We cannot assure that our arrangements or business practices will not be subject to government scrutiny or be found to violate applicable laws

Other Regulations.

In addition to the regulatory initiatives described above, healthcare facilities, including our partner facilities, are subject to a wide variety of federal, state, and local environmental and occupational health and safety laws and regulations that may affect their operations, facilities, and properties. Violations of these laws could subject us to civil penalties and fines for not investigating and remedying any contamination by hazardous substances, as well as other liability from third parties.

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Human Capital - Employees

Our human capital resources consists of employees and relationships that we maintain with third-party service providers, including surgeons and hospitals.

As of December 24, 2021, we had 136 full-time employee.

Our employees are employed to perform the following functions:

While we do not use any formal human capital measures or objectives, we focus our hiring efforts on offering competitive opportunities, which means recruitment, training and retaining personnel that demonstrate a high level of technical expertise and experience in the medical profession. We value diversity, professionalism, safety and collaboration within our organization.

None of our employees are represented by a labor union covered by a collective bargaining agreement. As of the date of this prospectus, we have not experienced any work stoppages.

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DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY

Assure currently leases approximately 12,500 square feet of office space for its corporate offices at 4600 South Ulster Street, Suite 1225 Denver, CO 80237.

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LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We know of no material, existing or pending legal proceedings against our Company or any of our subsidiaries, nor are we involved as a plaintiff in any other material proceeding or pending litigation. There are no other proceedings in which any of our directors, executive officers or affiliates, or any registered or beneficial stockholder, is an adverse party or has a material interest adverse to our interest.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

You should read the following discussion and analysis in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that are based on management’s current expectations, estimates and projections about our business and operations. Our actual results may differ materially from those currently anticipated and expressed in such forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including the factors we describe in the section entitled “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus.

COVID-19

Our business and results of operations have been, and continues to be, adversely affected by the global COVID-19 pandemic and related events and we expect its impact to continue. The impact to date has included periods of significant volatility in various markets and industries, including the healthcare industry. The volatility has had, and we anticipate it will continue to have, an adverse effect on our customers and on our business, financial condition and results of operations, and may result in an impairment of our long-lived assets, including goodwill, increased credit losses and impairments of investments in other companies. In particular, the healthcare industry, hospitals and providers of elective procedures have been and may continue to be impacted by the pandemic and/or other events beyond our control, and further volatility could have an additional negative impact on these industries, customers, and our business. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic and, to a lesser extent, the impact on other industries, including automotive, electronics and real estate, increased fuel costs, U.S. restrictions on trade, and transitory inflation have impacted and may continue to impact the financial conditions of our customers and the patients they serve. In addition, actions by United States federal, state and foreign governments to address the COVID-19 pandemic, including travel bans, stay-at-home orders and school, business and entertainment venue closures, also had a significant adverse effect on the markets in which we conduct our businesses. COVID-19 poses the risk that our workforce, suppliers, and other partners may be prevented from conducting normal business activities for an extended period of time, including due to shutdowns or stay-at-home orders that may be requested or mandated by governmental authorities. We have implemented policies to allow our employees to work remotely as a result of the pandemic as we reviewed processes related to workplace safety, including social distancing and sanitation practices recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The COVID-19 pandemic could also cause delays in acquiring new customers and executing renewals and could also impact our business as consumer behavior changes in response to the pandemic.

Since the start of the second quarter of 2021, there has been increased availability and administration of vaccines against COVID-19, as well as an easing of restrictions on social, business, travel, and government activities and functions, and we have experienced a gradual resumption of economic activities in our industries. On the other hand, infection rates continue to fluctuate in various regions and new strains of the virus, including the Delta variant, remain a risk, which may give rise to implementation of restrictions in the geographic areas that we serve. In addition, there are ongoing global impacts resulting from the pandemic, including disruption of the supply chains, product shortages, increased delivery costs, increased governmental regulation, strains on healthcare systems, and delays in shipments, product development, technology launches and facility access.

We have been closely monitoring the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on our business, including legislation to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 such as the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act which was enacted in March 2020, and the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 which was enacted in March 2021. Although a significant portion of our anticipated revenue for 2021 is derived from fixed-fee and minimum-guarantee arrangements, primarily from large, well-capitalized customers which we believe somewhat mitigates the risks to our business, our per-unit and variable-fee based revenue will continue to be susceptible to the volatility, supply chain disruptions, microchip shortages and potential market downturns induced by the COVID-19 pandemic.

The full extent of the future impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company’s operational and financial performance is uncertain and will depend on many factors outside the Company’s control, including, without limitation, the timing, extent, trajectory and duration of the pandemic; the availability, distribution and effectiveness of vaccines; the spread of new variants of COVID-19; the continued and renewed imposition of protective public safety measures; the impact of COVID-19 on integration of acquisitions, expansion plans, implementation of telemedicine, restrictions on elective procedures, delays in payor remittance and increased regulations; and the impact of the pandemic on the global economy and demand for consumer products.  Although we are unable to predict the full impact and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, we are actively managing our financial expenditures in response to continued uncertainty.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Year Ended December 31, 2020 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2019

The following table provides selected financial information from the condensed consolidated financial statements of income for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. All dollar amounts set forth in the table below are expressed thousands of dollars, except share and per share amounts.

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(1)Common shares and per share amounts have not been adjusted for the five-for-one reverse split effectuated during September 2021.

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Revenue

Total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 were $3.5 million and $17.7 million, respectively, net of the valuation allowance for the carrying value of accounts receivable. As at December 31, 2020 and 2019, we recorded a valuation allowance for the carrying value of accounts receivable of $27.3 million and $22.8 million, respectively.

We record out-of-network technical and professional revenue (included in Patient service fees, net) per case based upon our historical collection rates from private insurance carriers. Prior to June 30, 2020, the collection rates that we used to record our technical and professional revenue were based upon all cash receipts for cases that were between 2-3 years old at the time of the calculation. During the second quarter of 2020, we noticed that the average cash collection rates for technical and professional insurance cases between 1-2 years old had decreased in comparison to the average collection rates for cases that were between 2-3 years old. Part of this decline relates to the poor billing and collection practices by the legacy third-party billing company and part of the decline relates to lower average payments by the private insurance carriers. Based upon this information, we proactively elected to change our revenue estimation process for out-of-network revenue and to use the collection experience from insurance cases that are between 1-2 years old

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and management believes the more recent collection experience is more indicative of future per case collection rates. This resulted in us recording approximately $15 million of additional reserves against our accounts receivable and patient service fee revenue during the three months ended June 30, 2020. In addition, the PEs saw a similar decline in their average cash collection rates. The PEs proactively recorded similar reserve adjustments and the impact to us was a reduction in management fee revenue of approximately $2.2 million and a reduction in earnings (loss) from equity method investments of approximately $900 thousand during the three months ended June 30, 2020.

For the year ended December 31, 2020, Assure managed 8,558 technical cases and 1,356 professional cases where it retained 100% of the professional revenue (from our wholly-owned subsidiaries) compared to 5,376 technical cases and 1,038 professional cases where it retained 100% of the professional revenue (from our wholly- owned subsidiaries) in the same period in the prior year, a 55% increase in case volume. On October 31, 2019, we acquired the neuromonitoring operations of Neuro-Pro Monitoring in Texas. For the remainder of 2019 and for the year ended December 31, 2020, Neuro-Pro performed 596 and 2,687 of the afore-mentioned technical cases, respectively.

Revenue from Hospital, management and other fees increased to $7.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to $4.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. The primary reason for this increase relates to the expanding number of PE entities that pay us a management fee, including Neuro-Pro’s PE entity, as opposed to us having an ownership interest and recording its share of the PE entity operating results. With the increased case counts during the year ended December 31, 2020, there were also more cases billed to hospitals. Additionally, we have recently commenced charging certain PEs billing, equipment and supply fees.

Cost of Revenues

Cost of revenues for the year ended December 31, 2020 were $7.9 million compared to $5.0 million for the same period in 2019. Cost of revenues consist primarily of third-party billing fees, the cost of our internal billing and collection department, technician wages, and medical supplies. Third- party billing fees are recorded as a percentage of revenue recorded and therefore, also vary materially when we changed our allowance against accounts receivable. Technical wages and medical supplies vary with the number of neuromonitoring cases. The cost of our internal billing and collection department has been increasing during 2020 as we have ramped up this department and as the number of cases that they are responsible for billing increases. During 2020, the number of neuromonitoring cases increased 62% compared to 2019. The cost of revenues decreased by over $1 million during the year ended December 31, 2020 due to the reversal of the third-party billing fees that had previously been accrued on the $15 million of revenue that was reserved during the three months ended June 30, 2020.

General and administrative

General and administrative expenses were $9.6 million and $8.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The increase period-to-period was primarily related to higher legal fees, which vary based on corporate activities and increased head count as we continued to build an inhouse billing and collections function and transition from our outsourced third-party vendor. During this time some of these costs were duplicative.

Sales and marketing

Sales and marketing expenses remained constant at $1.2 million and $1.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Depreciation and amortization

Depreciation and amortization expense was $1.0 million and $0.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The increase is primarily related to the increase in property, plant and equipment and ROU asset balances compared to the prior year.

Earnings (loss) from equity method investments

Assure recognizes its pro-rata share of the net income (loss) generated by the non-wholly-owned PEs. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recognized $1.2 million of losses from equity method investments compared to $1.3 million of earnings from equity method investments for the year ended December 31, 2019. The decrease is primarily associated with the previously mentioned reserves that were recorded in 2020.

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Gain on Paycheck Protection Program loan

During April 2020, the Company received an unsecured loan under the United States Small Business Administration Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) pursuant to the recently adopted Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “PPP Loan”) in the amount of $1.2 million. During November 2020, the Company filed an application for forgiveness of the PPP Loan. During December 2020, the Company was granted forgiveness of the PPP Loan. As of December 31, 2020, the Company recorded a gain on forgiveness of the PPP Loan of $1.2 million. There were no similar transactions during the year ended December 31, 2019.

Gain on extinguishment of acquisition debt

During 2019, the Company acquired Neuro-Pro Monitoring for $7 million and was funded via promissory notes with the sellers of Neuro-Pro Monitoring. The Company repaid the promissory notes during December 2020 which is resulted in a gain on extinguishment of acquisition debt of $188 thousand. There were no similar transactions during the year ended December 31, 2019.

Accretion expense

The Company recorded accretion expense of $782 thousand and $74 thousand for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company accretes the difference between the fair value of the convertible notes and the face value of the convertible debt over the term of the convertible note.

Interest expense, net

Interest expense, net was $530 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to $252 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2019. The increase year-over-year is primarily due to the issuance of $3.5 million of convertible debt in late 2019 and early 2020.

Income tax benefit (expense)

For the year ended December 31, 2020 income tax benefit was $2.2 million compared to income tax expense of $0.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. The Company had an effective tax rate of 12.6% and 22.9% for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company’s estimated annual tax rate is impacted primarily by the amount of taxable income earned in each jurisdiction the Company operates in and permanent differences between financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis and to a valuation allowance that the Company recorded against certain deferred tax assets.

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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020

The following table provides selected financial information from the condensed consolidated financial statements of income for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020. All dollar amounts set forth in the table below are expressed thousands of dollars, except share and per share amounts.

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Revenue

Total revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 were $19.5 million and $(2.4 million,) respectively, net of implicit price concessions. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, we recorded an allowance for implicit price concessions of $1.2 million and $24.0 million, respectively.

Patient service fee revenue is recognized in the period in which IONM services are rendered, at net realizable amounts due from third party payors when collections are reasonably assured and can be estimated. The majority of the Company’s services are rendered on an out-of-network basis and billed to third party insurers. We record out-of-network technical and professional revenue (included in-Patient service fees, net) per case based upon our historical collection rates from private insurance carriers. Our revenue estimation process for out-of-network revenue is based on the collection experience from insurance cases that are between 1-2 years old and management believes the more recent collection experience is more indicative of future per case collection rates. The Company recognizes revenue from hospital and surgery center customers and certain PEs, for which the Company does not have an ownership interest in, on a contractual basis. Revenue from services rendered is recorded after services are rendered.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, Assure managed 10,979 where it retained 100% of the professional revenue (from our wholly-owned subsidiaries) compared to 6,763 cases where it retained 100% of the professional revenue (from our wholly- owned subsidiaries) in the same period in the prior year, a 62% increase in case volume. The increase is primarily related to organic sales growth in new markets such as Nebraska and Nevada, the acquisition of Sentry on April 30, 2021, and the launch of tele neurologist services.

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Cost of Revenues

Cost of revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 were $10.0 million compared to $5.1 million for the same period in 2020. Cost of revenues consist primarily of third-party billing fees, the cost of our internal billing and collection department, technologist and reader wages, third-party reader and collection fees and medical supplies. Technologist wages and medical supplies vary with the number of neuromonitoring cases. The cost of our internal billing and collection department increased as we have ramped up this department and as the number of cases they are responsible for invoicing increases. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the number of neuromonitoring cases increased 62% compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020 which increased costs of revenues year over year.

General and administrative

General and administrative expenses were $10.3 million and $5.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The increase period-to-period was primarily related to higher legal fees in relation to our Nasdaq listing, acquisition of Sentry and debt financing with Centurion, and increased head count as we continued to build an inhouse billing and collections function. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we incurred legal and audit expenses related to the filing of our registration statement on Form S-1 and our initial Form 10-K with the Securities and Exchange Commission which are nonrecurring expenses.

Sales and marketing

Sales and marketing expenses were relatively consistent at $748 thousand and $801 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Depreciation and amortization

Depreciation and amortization expense was $965 thousand and $769 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The increase is primarily related to the increase in ROU lease assets compared to the prior year.

Income (loss) from equity method investments

Assure recognizes its pro-rata share of the net loss generated by the non-wholly-owned PEs. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recognized $136 thousand of income from equity method investments compared to $1.5 million of losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The variance is primarily associated with recording of the previously mentioned implicit price concessions which were significantly larger in 2020 than 2021.

Accretion expense

The Company recorded accretion expense of $386 thousand and $619 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company accretes the difference between the fair value of the warrants and conversion feature related to the Central Bank and Centurion debt, as applicable, and the face value of such debt over the term of the debt.

Interest expense, net

Interest expense, net was $500 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $164 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The increase year-over-year is primarily due to higher outstanding debt balances.

Income tax benefit

For the nine months ended September 30, 2021 income tax benefit was $743 thousand compared to $2.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The Company’s estimated annual tax rate is impacted primarily by the amount of taxable income earned in each jurisdiction the Company operates in and permanent differences between financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis.

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Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2020

The following table provides selected financial information from the condensed consolidated financial statements of income for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020. All dollar amounts set forth in the table below are expressed thousands of dollars, except share and per share amounts.

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